Table 1

Sixteen Questionnaire Items and Their Associations With Aggression

Item	Response	Without Aggression (n = 298)	With Aggression (n = 120)	χ² (df = 1)	p
1. Does the patient have a history of psychiatric hospitalization?	Yes	117	75	18.6	<.0001
	No	181	45	18.6
2. Does the patient have a history of suspensions or expulsions?	Yes	140	83	16.9	<.0001
	No	158	37
3. Does the patient have trouble accepting adult authority?	Yes	197	104	17.9	<.0001
	No	101	16
4. Has the patient ever been physically abused?	Yes	68	25	0.195	.659
	No	230	95
5. Has the patient ever been sexually abused?	Yes	68	28	0.013	.9100
	No	230	92
6. Has the patient ever physically assaulted others?	Yes	176	97	17.9	<.0001
	No	122	23
7. Has the patient exhibited impulsivity while in the ED (e.g., needs redirection)?	Yes	58	51	23.6	<.0001
	No	240	69
8. Has the patient been intrusive to others while in the ED?	Yes	28	34	24.3	<.0001
	No	270	86
9. Has the patient attempted or committed acts of violence more than 7 days ago?	Yes	134	82	18.7	<.0001
	No	164	38
10. Does the patient have past violent ideation?	Yes	138	83	17.9	<.0001
	No	160	37
11. Does the patient have past violent intent or plan?	Yes	122	76	17.2	<.0001
	No	176	44
12. Has the patient ever destroyed property (e.g., broken a vase or vandalism)?	Yes	183	95	12.1	.0005
	No	115	25
13. Has the patient been aggressive towards self or others in the last 24 hours?	Yes	182	90	7.30	.0068
	No	116	30	7.30	.0068
14. Has the patient ever displayed a pattern of either verbal or physical aggression against self or others, either as a delayed or immediate emotional reaction to a trigger (e.g., threatening a peer who accidentally bumps into him/her in the hall or impulsively cutting self when angry)?	Yes	230	107	7.87	.0050
	No	68	13
15. Has the patient exhibited aggression or antisocial behaviors prior to age 10 (e.g., fire-setting, destruction of property, stealing, or trying to injure a person or animal)?	Yes	102	68	17.9	<.0001
	No	196	52
16. Does the patient appear to lack remorse, shame, or guilt in the past or present?	Yes	86	54	10.0	.0015
	No	212	66