Table 1

Full Sample Descriptives

VariablesFrequency (%)
Gender, n (%)
    Male8,992 (93.0)
    Female677 (7.0)
Race/ethnicity, n (%)
    White2,727 (28.5)
    Black5,407 (56.5)
    Hispanic1,394 (14.6)
    Other45 (0.5)
Marital status, n (%)
    Single6,066 (83.0)
    Married608 (8.3)
    Divorced367 (5.0)
    Separated225 (3.1)
    Widowed45 (0.6)
Education level, n (%)
    Some schooling, not a HS graduate2,420 (26.4)
    HS graduate/equivalent5,870 (64.1)
    Some college and beyond869 (9.5)
Prior arrests, mean (SD)7.4 (7.3)
Prior convictions, mean (SD)4.4 (4.7)
Prior DOC admissions, mean (SD)1.1 (1.3)
Prior DOC history, n (%)
    No prior admissions4,573 (47.3)
    1 prior admission2,314 (23.9)
    2 prior admissions1,370 (14.2)
    3 prior admissions801 (8.3)
    4+ prior admissions611 (6.3)
Index incarceration offense, n (%)
    Violent2,149 (22.4)
    Weapons903 (9.4)
    Property1,497 (15.6)
    Drugs2,466 (25.6)
    Community supervision violation1,985 (20.6)
    Other615 (6.4)
Release age, mean (SD)35.1 (10.4)
Time served (days), mean (SD)841.8 (1082.2)
  • N = 9,669 subjects.

  • DOC, Department of Corrections.