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Antidepressant Drugs and the Risk of Suicide in Children and Adolescents

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Abstract

Government agencies have issued warnings about the use of antidepressant medications in children, adolescents, and young adults since 2003. The statements warn that such medications may cause de novo ‘suicidality’ in some people. This review explores the data on the treatment of depression that led to these warnings and subsequent data that are relevant to the warnings. It also addresses the effectiveness of antidepressant treatment in general and the relationship of suicide rates to antidepressant treatment. It concludes that the decisions for the ‘black box’ warnings were based on biased data and invalid assumptions. Furthermore, the decisions were unsupported by the observational data regarding suicide in young people that existed in 2003. The following recommendations would seem to follow from these observations. First, drug authorities should re-evaluate the basis for their imposed warnings on antidepressant medicines, and analyze the actual public health consequences the warnings have had. In the absence of substantial evidence supporting the warnings, they should be removed. Second, physicians and other providers with prescription privileges should continue to be educated regarding the importance of aggressively treating depression in young people, using antidepressants when indicated. Third, physicians and other professionals who treat depressed young people must always be aware of the risk of suicide (albeit quite low) and observe them closely for any signs of increased risk of suicide. This is necessary regardless of the type of treatment being provided.

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Acknowledgments

Neither Göran Isacsson nor Charles L. Rich has any conflicts of interest. Göran Isacsson was funded by the Karolinska Institutet funds (ALF). No other funding were used to prepare the review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, M59, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden

    Göran Isacsson

  2. Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA

    Charles L. Rich

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  1. Göran Isacsson
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  2. Charles L. Rich
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Correspondence to Göran Isacsson.

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Isacsson, G., Rich, C.L. Antidepressant Drugs and the Risk of Suicide in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Drugs 16, 115–122 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-013-0061-1

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