Review articleBiologic models of traumatic memories and post-traumatic stress disorder: The role of neural networks
Section snippets
Behavior of neural networks
Neural networks are groups of individual neurons that communicate by forming microcircuits that have properties above and beyond those predictable from the behavior of the individual components [28]. These systems work by classifying information by matching the content of newly presented data according to existing and available memory patterns. This involves the development of the best fit between an ambiguous piece of information and the existing memories already embodied through learning in
Role of central noradrenaline
One of the essential neurotransmitter systems that modulate this information-processing network is the noradrenaline system [18], [46], [47]. An understanding of the role of noradrenaline in attentional processing is an important link in understanding the relationship between the structure and function of the brain networks [48]. Furthermore, because catecholamine alterations and attentional deficits have been observed in PTSD, knowledge of how catecholamines, such as noradrenaline, modulate
Role of the hippocampus and kindling
The concept of parallel distributed processing suggests a de-emphasis on the distinct functions of specific regions in favor of a more sophisticated understanding of the ways in which brain regions interact cooperatively to coordinate function [17]. Because the hippocampus plays a major role in integrating cortical functioning and in the mediation of the storage of memories in the cortical system [66], this region may be particularly important in the processing of traumatic memories and the
Testing the model
This chapter provides a conceptual description of the psychologic and neurobiologic information that needs to be taken into account in the development of a psychobiologic model of PTSD. However, it is premature to propose a precise model for testing by an artificial neural network because sufficient information is not available. In particular, there is a need to better define the neuroanatomical regions that are activated in PTSD and to determine how these differ from other disorders. A variety
Improved understanding of PTSD using neural network models
A neural network model of PTSD provides a method for conceptualizing the onset of PTSD symptoms and their modification with the passage of time. Furthermore, this model provides a dynamic perspective of the interaction between the brainstem catecholamine systems and their role in arousal and attention, the hippocampus and amygdala and their role in the coordination of long term memory, and the cortical processing and development of the complex networks that account for the complexity of human
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