Abstract
"Manipulative" is a popular but often misused description of behavior seen in some patients who come to psychiatric attention. The authors suggest a definition of "manipulation" which can impart helpful information about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. They survey the differential diagnosis of manipulative behavior and consider specific treatment strategies.
MeSH terms
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Antisocial Personality Disorder / diagnosis
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Borderline Personality Disorder / diagnosis
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Depressive Disorder / diagnosis
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / diagnosis
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Factitious Disorders / diagnosis
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Histrionic Personality Disorder / diagnosis
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Humans
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Machiavellianism*
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Malingering / diagnosis
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Mental Disorders / diagnosis*
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Mental Disorders / therapy
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Narcissism
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Personality*
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Substance-Related Disorders / diagnosis