Astrocytes have important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) during health and
disease. Through genome-wide analyses we detected a transcriptional response to type I …

The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in
several autoimmune disorders. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the gut …

Foxp3 + T regulatory (Treg) cells regulate immune responses and maintain self-tolerance.
Recent work shows that Treg cells are comprised of many subpopulations with specialized …

Our understanding of the pathways that regulate lymphocyte metabolism, as well as the
effects of metabolism and its products on the immune response, is still limited. We report that a …

Astrocytes have complex roles in health and disease, thus it is important to study the pathways
that regulate their function. Here we report that lactosylceramide (LacCer) synthesized by …

Dendritic cells (DCs) control the balance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells in
vivo. Hence, the study of DCs might identify mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and guide …

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single‐stranded, small noncoding RNAs that regulate
gene expression. Because they are stable in serum, they are being developed as biomarkers …

Seasonal changes in disease activity have been observed in multiple sclerosis, an
autoimmune disorder that affects the CNS. These epidemiological observations suggest that …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell–dependent autoimmune disease that is characterized by
the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. The administration to patients of …

Existing therapies for inflammatory bowel disease that are based on broad suppression of
inflammation result in variable clinical benefit and unwanted side effects. A potential …