… Drazin and Johnson explain the generation and properties of solitons, introducing the
mathematical technique known as the Inverse Scattering Tranform. Their aim is to present the …

Mammalian cells proteolytically release (shed) the extracellular domains of many cell-surface
proteins 1 . Modification of the cell surface in this way can alter the cell's responsiveness to …

The V (D) J recombination activation gene RAG-1 was isolated on the basis of its ability to
activate V (D) J recombination on an artificial substrate in fibroblasts. This property and the …

The ectodomains of numerous proteins are released from cells by proteolysis to yield
soluble intercellular regulators. The responsible protease, tumor necrosis factor-α converting …

Granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages of the myeloid lineage are the chief cellular
agents of innate immunity. Here, we have examined the inflammatory response in mice with …

The transcriptional response to lowered oxygen levels is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible
transcription factor (HIF-1), a heterodimer consisting of the constitutively expressed aryl …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are broadly expressed in human cancers, and HIF1α and
HIF2α were previously suspected to promote tumour progression through largely overlapping …

THE principal substrate for the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors is
the cytoplasmic protein insulin-receptor substrate-1 (IRS-l/pplSS) 1–7 . After tyrosine …

The hypoxic response is an ancient stress response triggered by low ambient oxygen (O 2 )
(ref. 1 ) and controlled by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1), whose α subunit is …

TRAIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines and induces apoptosis
in a wide variety of cells. Based on homology searching of a private database, a receptor …