Article Figures & Data
Tables
Measure Black Defendants White Defendants Significance Age, mean (SD), range 38.8 (14.0), 18–74 41.8 (11.4), 21–65 F = 1.54, P = .2159 Sex, n (%) F: 51 (32)
M: 109 (68)F: 7 (18)
M: 33 (82)χ2 = 3.21 (df = 1), P = .073 High school education or less, n (%) 125 (78) 18 (45) χ2 = 17.23 (df = 1), P < .0001 Undomiciled, n (%) 101 (63) 29 (73) χ2 = 1.24 (df = 1), P = .266 Unemployed, n (%) 149 (93) 38 (95) χ2 = 0.19 (df = 1), P = .667 Uninsured, n (%) 38 (24) 16 (40) χ2 = 4.29 (df = 1), P = .038 Government benefits, n (%) 81 (51) 15 (38) χ2 = 2.21 (df = 1), P = .137 - Table 2.
Number, Percent, and Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) for Clinical Variables by Race
Variable Black Defendants White Defendants Crude Black versus White Comparison Logistic Regression Including Socioeconomic Factors Thought disorder, n (%) 111 (69) 23 (58) χ2 = 1.041, df = 1, P = .1531 aORa = 1.872 (95% CI,b 0.847–4.137) IMP referral, n (%) 17 (11) 8 (25) χ2 = 2.57, df = 1, P = .11 aOR = 0.772 (95% CI, 0.266–2.243) Psychological testing, n (%) 44 (28) 4 (10) χ2 = 5.37, df = 1, P = .0205 aOR = 3.212 (95% CI, 1.036–9.961) Antipsychotic medication, n (%) 138 (86) 34 (85) χ2 = 0.0415, df = 1, P = .8385 aOR = 1.584 (95% CI, 0.513–4.886) Restraint, mean (SD), range 0.5625 (1.990), 0–18 0.1 (0.3038), 0–1 ANOVA F = 2.14, P = .145 aOR = 1.555 (95% CI, 0.462–5.227) Seclusion, mean (SD), range 0.4438 (1.097), 0–7 0.575 (1.824), 0–11 ANOVA F = 0.34, P = .5606 OR = 0.775 (95% CI, 0.310–1.940) Note. ANOVA = analysis of variance; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; IMP = involuntary medication process.
↵aaOR after controlling for age, gender, education, housing, employment, insurance, and benefits.
↵bIf the 95% CI includes 1.0, then the association is not statistically significant at P < .05.
- Table 3.
Number, Percent, and Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) for Forensic Variables by Race
Variable Black Defendants White Defendants Crude Black versus White Comparison Logistic Regression Including Socioeconomic Factors Number violent felonies, mean (SD), range 0.3188 (0.796), 0–7 0.200 (0.823), 0–5 ANOVA F = 0.70, P = .4029 aORa = 2.941 (95% CI,b 0.888–9.745) Time to attain competency in days, mean (SD), range 67.9 (62.79), 8–620 62.2 (35.89), 12–176 χ2 = 4.616, df = 6, P = .5939 bc =8.37, SE =11.11 t = 0.75 P = .452 IST (initial evaluation), n (%) 69 (43) 20 (50) χ2 = 0.67, df = 1, P = .71 aOR = 1.24 (95% CI, 0.568–2.711) Return to jail, n (%) 37 (23) 6 (15) χ2 = 11.19, df = 3, P = .01 aOR = 1.62 (95% CI, 0.597–4.372) IST (court finding), n (%) 31 (19) 6 (15) χ2 = 0.4062, df = 1, P = .5239 aOR = 1.159 (95% CI, 0.417–3.219) Note. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; IMP = involuntary medication process; IST = incompetent to stand trial.
↵aaOR after controlling for age, gender, education, housing, employment, insurance, and benefits.
↵bIf the 95% CI includes 1.0, then the association is not statistically significant at P < .05.
↵cAdjusted linear regression coefficient indicating a mean difference of 8.37 days after controlling for demographics.