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Research ArticleRegular Article

How Mental Illness Influences Pretrial Release Decisions for People Charged with Misdemeanors

Gary M. Graca, Maxmoore T. Potkin, Sela E. Dragich, Debra A. Pinals, Leah G. Pope and Elizabeth B. Ford
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online November 2025, JAAPL.250074-25; DOI: https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.250074-25
Gary M. Graca
Drs. Graca and Potkin are resident psychiatrists, Dr. Pope is an associate professor of Clinical Behavioral Medicine (in Psychiatry) and research scientist, and Dr. Ford is an associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Ms. Dragich is an attorney, Brooklyn, NY. Dr. Pinals is a clinical professor of Psychiatry and Director, Program in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
MD, MPA
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Maxmoore T. Potkin
Drs. Graca and Potkin are resident psychiatrists, Dr. Pope is an associate professor of Clinical Behavioral Medicine (in Psychiatry) and research scientist, and Dr. Ford is an associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Ms. Dragich is an attorney, Brooklyn, NY. Dr. Pinals is a clinical professor of Psychiatry and Director, Program in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
MD
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Sela E. Dragich
Drs. Graca and Potkin are resident psychiatrists, Dr. Pope is an associate professor of Clinical Behavioral Medicine (in Psychiatry) and research scientist, and Dr. Ford is an associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Ms. Dragich is an attorney, Brooklyn, NY. Dr. Pinals is a clinical professor of Psychiatry and Director, Program in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
JD
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Debra A. Pinals
Drs. Graca and Potkin are resident psychiatrists, Dr. Pope is an associate professor of Clinical Behavioral Medicine (in Psychiatry) and research scientist, and Dr. Ford is an associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Ms. Dragich is an attorney, Brooklyn, NY. Dr. Pinals is a clinical professor of Psychiatry and Director, Program in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
MD
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Leah G. Pope
Drs. Graca and Potkin are resident psychiatrists, Dr. Pope is an associate professor of Clinical Behavioral Medicine (in Psychiatry) and research scientist, and Dr. Ford is an associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Ms. Dragich is an attorney, Brooklyn, NY. Dr. Pinals is a clinical professor of Psychiatry and Director, Program in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
PhD
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Elizabeth B. Ford
Drs. Graca and Potkin are resident psychiatrists, Dr. Pope is an associate professor of Clinical Behavioral Medicine (in Psychiatry) and research scientist, and Dr. Ford is an associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Ms. Dragich is an attorney, Brooklyn, NY. Dr. Pinals is a clinical professor of Psychiatry and Director, Program in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
MD
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Article Information

JAAPL.250074-25
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.250074-25
PubMed 
41285546

Published By 
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Print ISSN 
1093-6793
History 
  • Published online November 24, 2025.

Article Versions

  • You are currently viewing a Latest version of this article (November 24, 2025 - 06:55).
  • View the most recent version of this article
Copyright & Usage 
© 2025 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

Author Information

  1. Gary M. Graca, MD, MPA,
  2. Maxmoore T. Potkin, MD,
  3. Sela E. Dragich, JD,
  4. Debra A. Pinals, MD,
  5. Leah G. Pope, PhD and
  6. Elizabeth B. Ford, MD
  1. Drs. Graca and Potkin are resident psychiatrists, Dr. Pope is an associate professor of Clinical Behavioral Medicine (in Psychiatry) and research scientist, and Dr. Ford is an associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Ms. Dragich is an attorney, Brooklyn, NY. Dr. Pinals is a clinical professor of Psychiatry and Director, Program in Psychiatry, Law, and Ethics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
  1. Address correspondence to: Gary M. Graca, MD, MPA. E-mail: gary.graca{at}nyspi.columbia.edu.

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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 53 (4)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 53, Issue 4
1 Dec 2025
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How Mental Illness Influences Pretrial Release Decisions for People Charged with Misdemeanors
Gary M. Graca, Maxmoore T. Potkin, Sela E. Dragich, Debra A. Pinals, Leah G. Pope, Elizabeth B. Ford
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Nov 2025, JAAPL.250074-25; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250074-25

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How Mental Illness Influences Pretrial Release Decisions for People Charged with Misdemeanors
Gary M. Graca, Maxmoore T. Potkin, Sela E. Dragich, Debra A. Pinals, Leah G. Pope, Elizabeth B. Ford
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Nov 2025, JAAPL.250074-25; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250074-25
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