PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Poortinga, Ernest
AU  - Lemmen, Craig
AU  - Jibson, Michael D.
TI  - A Case Control Study: White‐Collar Defendants Compared With Defendants Charged With Other Nonviolent Theft
DP  - 2006 Jan 01
TA  - Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
PG  - 82--89
VI  - 34
IP  - 1
4099  - http://jaapl.org/content/34/1/82.short
4100  - http://jaapl.org/content/34/1/82.full
SO  - J Am Acad Psychiatry Law2006 Jan 01; 34
AB  - We examined the clinical, criminal, and sociodemographic characteristics of all white‐collar crime defendants referred to the evaluation unit of a state center for forensic psychiatry. With 29,310 evaluations in a 12‐year period, we found 70 defendants charged with embezzlement, 3 with health care fraud, and no other white‐collar defendants (based on the eight crimes widely accepted as white‐collar offenses). In a case‐control study design, the 70 embezzlement cases were compared with 73 defendants charged with other forms of nonviolent theft. White‐collar defendants were found to have a higher likelihood of white race (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR) = 4.51), more years of education (adj. OR = 3471), and a lower likelihood of substance abuse (adj. OR = .28) than control defendants. Logistic regression modeling showed that the variance in the relationship between unipolar depression and white‐collar crime was more economically accounted for by education, race, and substance abuse.