Lifetime Trauma Exposure and ACEs
| n (%) | Mean (range) | Men | Women | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any trauma | 92 (85.98) | 11.42 (1–101) | 79 (84.04) | 13 (100) | .207 |
| Sudden death of loved one | 63 (58.88) | 2.49 (1–16) | 53 (56.38) | 10 (76.92) | .231 |
| Witnessed death/serious injury | 38 (35.51) | 2.13 (1–10) | 33 (35.11) | 5 (38.46) | 1 |
| Adult physical assault | 36 (33.64) | 3.28 (1–16) | 30 (31.91) | 6 (46.15) | .354 |
| MVA | 36 (33.64) | 1.56 (1–4) | 31 (32.98) | 5 (38.46) | .758 |
| Weapon attack | 34 (31.77) | 1.79 (1–10) | 28 (29.79) | 6 (46.15) | .340 |
| Childhood physical abuse | 30 (28.04) | 3.20 (1–12) | 27 (28.72) | 3 (23.08) | 1 |
| Childhood sexual abuse | 25 (23.36) | 3.32 (1–15) | 19 (20.21) | 6 (46.15) | .073 |
| Natural disaster | 21 (19.63) | 1.24 (1–3) | 18 (19.15) | 3 (23.08) | .716 |
| Adult sexual assault | 20 (18.69) | 4.05 (1–20) | 13 (13.83) | 7 (53.85)a | .002b |
| Severe accident (other than MVA) | 17 (15.89) | 1.47 (1–3) | 16 (17.02) | 1 (7.69) | .668 |
| Military trauma | 5 (4.67) | 4.6 (1–10) | 5 (5.32) | 0 | 1 |
| Other sudden event that caused severe fear/helplessness/horror | 36 (33.64) | 4.55 (1–25) | 30 (31.91) | 6 (46.15) | .354 |
| Nontraumatic stressor | |||||
| Sudden move or loss of home/possessions | 51 (47.66) | 3.06 (1–20) | 42 (44.68) | 9 (69.23) | .139 |
| Sudden abandonment by spouse/partner/parent/family | 28 (26.17) | 3.39 (1–20) | 23 (24.47) | 5 (38.46) | .318 |
| Any ACE | 82 (76.63) | NA | 69 (73.40) | 13 (100)a | .036c |
| Parents separated/divorced | 54 (50.47) | NA | 47 (50) | 7 (53.85) | 1 |
| Household member with substance abuse | 43 (40.19) | NA | 35 (37.23) | 8 (61.54) | .132 |
| Childhood emotional abuse | 40 (37.38) | NA | 31 (32.98) | 9 (69.23)a | .016c |
| Childhood physical abuse | 37 (34.58) | NA | 30 (31.91) | 7 (53.85) | .132 |
| Childhood emotional neglect | 37 (34.58) | NA | 28 (29.78) | 9 (69.23)a | .010b |
| Household member with mental illness | 28 (26.17) | NA | 19 (20.21) | 9 (69.23)a | .001d |
| Childhood sexual abuse | 23 (21.49) | NA | 18 (19.15) | 5 (38.42) | .147 |
| Childhood physical neglect | 20 (18.69) | NA | 15 (15.96) | 5 (38.46) | .065 |
| Witnessed domestic violence | 19 (17.76) | NA | 13 (13.83) | 6 (46.15)a | .011c |
| Household member in prison | 17 (15.89) | NA | 13 (13.83) | 4 (30.77) | .216 |
| Mean ACE score | 2.97 | NA | 2.649 | 5.308a | .0005d |