Risk Factor Categories Related to Use of Restraint during Transport
Risk Factor Category | Restraint Used | No Restraint Used |
---|---|---|
Behaviorala | 819 (78.3) | 227 (21.7) |
Historicalb | 173 (75.9) | 55 (24.1) |
Legal/socialc | 122 (81.9) | 27 (18.1) |
Protectived | 41 (9.4) | 397 (90.6) |
Data are presented as n (%). Multiple risk factor rationales were identified for each transport occurrence; the total number of risk factors is therefore higher than the total sample size of 802 transports.
↵a Behavioral risk factors included danger to self, danger to others, clinical instability, impulsivity, current aggression, limitation on communication/threatening/harassment, treatment noncompliance, recent substance use/withdrawal, and recent violence/elopement ideation.
↵b Historical risk factors included any history of violence or elopement, unsuccessful temporary leave or conditional release, and unknown history.
↵c Legal/social risk factors included felony charges, pending return to corrections, protective/restraining order, high bond or incarceration exposure, and significant pending community/family events.
↵d Protective factors included significant clinical stability, treatment compliance, fear of leaving the hospital, and geriatric status or being medically compromised.