Design of the Variable C to Measure CUD in the Past 12 Months
| Relevant questions in the survey |
| 1. Was there a month or more when you spent a lot of your time getting or using the substance? |
| 2. Was there a month or more when you spent a lot of your time getting over the effects of the substance you used? |
| 3. Were you able to keep to the limits you set on substance use, or did you use more than you intended to? |
| 4. Did you need to use more substance than you used to in order to get the effect you wanted? |
| 5. Did you notice that using the same amount of substance had less effect on you than it used to? |
| 6. Were you able to cut down or stop using the substance every time you wanted or tried to? |
| 7. Did you continue to use the substance even though you thought this was causing you to have problems with your emotions, nerves, or mental health? |
| 8. Did you continue to use the substance even though you thought this was causing you to have physical problems? |
| 9. Did substance use cause you to give up or spend less time doing important activities? |
| 10. Did you have one or more of these symptoms at the same time that lasted for longer than a day after you cut back or stopped using the substance? [the specific number and type of listed withdrawal symptoms varied by substance] |
| 11. Did substance use cause you to have serious problems at home, work, or school? |
| 12. Did you regularly use the substance and then do something where substance use might have put you in physical danger? |
| 13. Did you have any problems with family or friends that were probably caused by substance use? |
| 14. Did you continue to use the substance even though you thought this caused problems with family or friends? |
| A diagnosis of CUD is positive if the respondent fulfilled two or more of the following criteria: |
| • Yes answer to (1) OR (2). |
| • No answer to (3). |
| • Yes answer to (4) OR (5). |
| • No answer to (6). |
| • Yes answer to (7) OR (8). |
| • Yes answer to (9). |
| • Yes answer to (11). |
| • Yes answer to (12). |
| • Yes answers to (13) AND (14). |
CUD, Cannabis Use Disorder. We used the same approach to determine the presence of alcohol and other drug use disorders, which we used as control variables. A Yes answer to Question 10 was included as a potential criterion for alcohol use disorder and the following drug use disorders: pain relievers, heroin, cocaine, sedatives, and stimulants.