Total and Subscale Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M) Scores in the Current Study and Two Prior U.S. Studies
| CSS-M, Total Score (41 items) | LCP Subscale (25 items) | TLV Subscale (10 items) | ICO Subscale (6 items) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD |
| Pauselli et al., 2024 (the current study): n = 1,234 outpatients with psychotic disorders or mood disorders, and a history of arrest, in public-sector clinics in Georgia enrolling in a randomized controlled trial of a potential new form of prearrest jail diversion and reconnection to care (53% male, 63% African American) | 32.7 | 15.0 | 21.1 | 10.7 | 7.0 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 2.3 |
| Ashford et al.,24 2008: n = 53 mental health court-involved outpatients in a study of cognitive skills training targeting criminogenic attitudes; psychotic disorders or bipolar disorder, previously booked with a new charge or a probation violation at the Monterey County (California) Jail, and at least one prior arrest (83% male, 19% African American) (preintervention scores from the completed treatment group on top and comparison group below) | 24.8 19.3 | 9.6 10.5 | 16.5 11.4 | 7.6 7.6 | 4.8 4.4 | 3.1 3.3 | 3.6 3.6 | 2.2 2.3 |
| Labrecque et al.,25 2013: n = 238 participants from juvenile and adult probation or parole departments in a large Midwestern state, who were on the caseloads of 37 probation and parole officers, 17 of whom were trained in the Effective Practices in Community Supervision (EPICS) model on how to target criminogenic needs (preintervention scores from trained officers on top, scores from untrained officers below) | 25.3 25.8 | 11.3 12.1 | 15.4 16.4 | 7.8 8.2 | 5.7 5.8 | 3.6 3.7 | 4.1 4.0 | 2.0 1.9 |
Abbreviations: ICO = Identification with Criminal Others, LCP = Law, Courts, and Police, TLV = Tolerance for Law Violations.