Summary of Studies Rated “Good”
| Lead Author | Year Published | N | Study Type | Strengths |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broderick21 | 2020 | 20,040 | Case series | Large database study of RTC defendants in one state. Used univariate analysis and then parametric regression to identify factors that affected LOS. Excellent description of statistical modeling. |
| Grossi22 | 2022 | 58 | Case series | Creative and rigorous assessment of a new feigning instrument. Pilot study compared data from established tools to professional structured judgment using ANOVAs and hierarchical multiple regression. |
| Kivisto23 | 2020 | 492 | Case series | Used LCA to identify the typology of a good-sized sample of defendants referred for RTC. An eight-class solution was identified based on 17 characteristics. |
| Pirelli17 | 2011 | 26,139 | Meta-analysis | Meta-analysis of 68 studies from 1967 to 2008. Discussion of publication bias, inter-rater reliability, effect sizes, and moderator effects. |
| Pirelli4 | 2020 | 12,781 | Meta-analysis | Attempted meta-analysis of 51 studies on RTC, 1975 to 2013. Did not complete analysis because of “dismal” quality of research. Provided a thorough description of the state of the literature and provided recommendations. |
| Warren18 | 2006 | 8,416 | Case series | Large study of CST evaluations from one state, 1993 to 2004. Studied multiple variables, determined effect sizes, and used chi-square and hierarchical logistic regression. |
| Warren24 | 2013 | 2,260 | Case series | Large study of CST evaluations from one state, 1990 to 2007. Focused on reports which found ICST and offered an opinion about RTC. Used chi-square with Bonferroni correction and CHAID framework. |
| Williams25 | 1981 | 431 | Case series | Historical article. Used difference in mean squares, discriminant analyses, and a novel weighted competency average, along with random sampling, reliability testing and cross-validation. |
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CHAID = chi squared automatic interaction detection, CST = competence to stand trial, ICST = incompetent to stand trial, LCA = latent class analysis, LOS = length of stay, RTC = restoration to competence.