Table 2

Sociodemographics of Youth Evaluateda

TotalReferred for Evaluation Because of Elevated Score (+SCREEN)Referred for Evaluation for Other Reasons (+MH or BEH)Placement Evaluation Only (PLACE)
n(%)bn(%)bn(%)bn(%)bp
Total30959(19.1)186(60.2)64(20.7)
Sex0.103c
 Female74(23.9)17(28.8)48(25.8)9(14.1)
 Male235(76.1)42(71.2)138(74.2)55(85.9)
Age0.500c
 12-14121(39.3)21(35.6)78(41.9)22(34.9)
 15+187(60.7)38(64.4)108(58.1)41(65.1)
 Missing1001
Race or ethnicity0.817d
 Black185(60.7)33(56.9)107(58.5)45(70.3)
 Hispanic105(34.4)23(39.7)65(35.5)17(26.6)
 White9(3.0)2(3.4)6(3.3)1(1.6)
 Asian or Pacific Is5(1.6)0(0.0)4(2.2)1(1.6)
 Other1(0.3)0(0.0)1(0.5)0(0.0)
 Missing4130
Detainee status0.002d
 JD257(83.4)43(72.9)154(82.8)60(95.2)
 JO46(14.9)16(27.1)28(15.1)2(3.2)
 Other5(1.6)0(0.0)4(2.2)1(1.6)
 Missing1001
Screening Results
 PTSD52(16.8)43(72.9)7(3.8)2(3.1)<0.001c
 Depression<0.001c
  Absent or mild258(83.5)24(40.7)171(91.9)63(98.4)
  Moderate37(12)21(35.6)15(8.1)1(1.6)
  Severe14(4.5)14(23.7)0(0.0)0(0.0)
 Problematic substance use165(53.4)36(61)99(53.2)30(46.9)0.290c
Diagnosis
 Disruptive behavior230(74.4)38(64.4)140(75.3)52(81.2)0.093c
 Substance related169(54.7)29(49.2)102(54.8)38(59.4)0.522c
 Neurodevelopmental158(51.1)28(47.5)115(61.8)15(23.4)<0.001c
 Trauma related139(45.0)45(76.3)63(33.9)31(48.4)<0.001c
 Depressive43(13.9)16(27.1)23(12.4)4(6.2)0.002c
 Anxiety7(2.3)3(5.1)2(1.1)2(3.1)0.090d
 Psychotic5(1.6)1(1.7)4(2.2)0(0.0)0.689d
 Bipolar3(1.0)0(0.0)3(1.6)0(0.0)0.774b
 Sleep-wake1(0.3)0(0.0)1(0.5)0(0.0)1.000b
 Obsessive-compulsive1(0.3)0(0.0)1(0.5)0(0.0)1.000b
 Other conditions60(19.4)5(8.5)30(16.1)25(39.1)<0.001c
 Insufficient data141(45.6)20(33.9)86(46.2)35(54.7)0.067c
 Non-DSM-5 diagnoses23(7.4)6(10.2)10(5.4)7(10.9)0.200d
 Medical diagnosis1(0.3)0(0.0)1(0.5)0(0.0)1.000d
Treatment modality
 Med management only18(5.8)2(3.4)16(8.6)0(0.0)0.256d,e
 Therapy only16(5.2)4(6.8)12(6.5)0(0.0)1.000d,e
 Med management + therapy112(36.2)28(47.5)84(45.2)0(0.0)0.874c,e
Medication type
 Psychostimulant76(24.6)15(25.4)61(32.8)0(0.0)0.365c,e
 Sleep aid46(14.9)12(20.3)34(18.3)0(0.0)0.872c,e
 Alpha-2 agonist38(12.3)7(11.9)31(16.7)0(0.0)0.496c,e
 Antipsychotic29(9.4)3(5.1)26(14.0)0(0.0)0.107c,e
 Antidepressant19(6.1)9(15.3)10(5.4)0(0.0)0.028c,e
 Mood stabilizer7(2.3)1(1.7)6(3.2)0(0.0)1.000d,e
 Other10(3.2)2(3.4)8(4.3)0(0.0)1.000d,e
Classes of medications0.285d,e
 0171(55.3)30(50.8)77(41.4)64(100)
 173(23.6)15(25.4)58(31.2)0(0.0)
 251(16.5)9(15.3)42(22.6)0(0.0)
 38(2.6)4(6.8)4(2.2)0(0.0)
 44(1.3)1(1.7)3(1.6)0(0.0)
 52(0.6)0(0.0)2(1.1)0(0.0)
Number of medications0.543d,e
 0171(55.3)30(50.8)77(41.4)64(100)
 169(22.3)12(20.3)57(30.6)0(0.0)
 250(16.2)11(18.6)39(21)0(0.0)
 311(3.6)4(6.8)7(3.8)0(0.0)
 44(1.3)1(1.7)3(1.6)0(0.0)
 53(1)1(1.7)2(1.1)0(0.0)
 61(0.3)1(0.5)0(0.0)
Number of counseling sessions<0.001c
 084(27.2)10(16.9)41(22.0)33(51.6)
 1-5123(39.8)26(44.1)74(39.8)23(35.9)
 6-1035(11.3)6(10.2)28(15.1)1(1.6)
 11-2039(12.6)10(16.9)26(14.0)3(4.7)
 21+28(9.1)7(11.9)17(9.1)4(6.2)
  • DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; JD = juvenile delinquent; JO = juvenile offender; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.

  • a Refers to youth who received a diagnostic evaluation following the initial screening.

  • b Refers to column percentages within the category.

  • c Chi-squared tests were performed for the other variables.

  • d Fisher’s exact tests were performed for these variables.

  • e The contrast was only between youth referred for evaluation because of elevated score and youth referred for evaluation because of other reasons.