Table 1

The NCRMD Test Branches as Accepted in Canadian Case Law and Forensic Psychiatric Practice

Test BranchNature and QualityWrongfulness
StandardThe defense involves the accused’s ability to link action to consequence; psychiatric symptoms must render the accused unable to appreciate the nature or quality of the act or omission.3The defense involves the accused’s knowledge of wrongfulness, which has been clarified as meaning both legally and morally wrong4,5; an accused must lack the capacity to know right and wrong in an abstract sense or lack the ability to apply the knowledge of wrongfulness in a rational way to the criminal act in question.
ExampleIf, while in a state of psychosis, an accused threw a newborn off of a balcony driven by the delusional belief that the baby was really an angel requiring help learning to fly, an NCRMD defense may be available.If, during a manic episode, an accused shoots and kills a colleague based on the delusional belief that the colleague was going to imminently kill him, an NCRMD defense may be available.