Table 1

Published Cases in Which PTSD Was Presented as a Criminal Defense

Case Name	Jurisdiction	Year	Legal Issue	Outcome
Shepard v. State^*¹⁵	Alaska	1993	Admissibility	Reversed denial of PTSD expert
Doe v. Superior Court¹⁶	California	1995	Admissibility	Reversed denial of PTSD expert
Houston v. State¹⁷	Alaska	1979	Insanity	Conviction reversed and remanded
State v. Felde^*¹⁸	Louisiana	1982	Insanity	Conviction affirmed
United States v. Duggan¹⁹	Federal	1984	Insanity^†	Conviction affirmed
Gentry v. State²⁰	Tennessee	1984	Insanity^†	Conviction affirmed
State v. Percy²¹	Vermont	1988	Insanity^†	Conviction reversed and remanded
Commonwealth v. Tracy²²	Massachusetts	1989	Insanity^†	NGRI of armed robbery; conviction of firearms possession affirmed
United States v. Whitehead²³	Federal	1990	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
State v. Wilson²⁴	Louisiana	1991	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
State v. Angel²⁵	North Carolina	1991	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
People v. Rodriguez²⁶	New York	1993	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
United States v. Long Crow²⁷	Federal	1994	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
United States v. Cartagena-Carrasquillo²⁸	Federal	1995	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
United States v. Rezaq²⁹	Federal	1996	Insanity^‡	Allowing of insanity defense affirmed
State v. Page^*³⁰	North Carolina	1997	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
United States v. Calvano^*³¹	Federal	2009	Insanity^‡	Conviction affirmed
People v. Lisnow³²	California	1978	Unconsciousness	Conviction reversed
State v. Fields³³	North Carolina	1989	Unconsciousness	Conviction reversed and remanded
State v. Kelly³⁴	New Jersey	1984	Self-defense	Conviction reversed and remanded
United States v. Simmonds^*³⁵	Federal	1991	Self-defense	Conviction affirmed
Rogers v. State³⁶	Florida	1993	Self-defense	Conviction reversed and remanded
State v. Janes³⁷	Washington	1997	Self-defense	Affirmed reversal of conviction and remanded
Harwood v. State³⁸	Texas	1997	Self-defense	Conviction affirmed
State v. Sullivan³⁹	Maine	1997	Self-defense	Conviction vacated
State v. Hines⁴⁰	New Jersey	1997	Self-defense	Conviction reversed and remanded
Perryman v. State⁴¹	Oklahoma	1999	Self-defense	Conviction affirmed
State v. Mizell⁴²	Florida	2000	Self-defense	Allowing of PTSD testimony upheld
State v. Stuart^*⁴³	Washington	2006	Self-defense	Conviction affirmed
United States v. Cebian⁴⁴	Federal	1985	Mens rea	Conviction affirmed
State v. Warden⁴⁵	Washington	1996	Mens rea	Conviction reversed and remanded
State v. Bottrell⁴⁶	Washington	2000	Mens rea	Conviction reversed and remanded
United States v. Johnson⁴⁷	Federal	1995	Mitigation	Sentence affirmed
United States v. Kim^*⁴⁸	Federal	2004	Mitigation	Sentence affirmed
Gilley v. Morrow⁴⁹	Federal	2007	Mitigation	Sentence vacated and remanded
United States v. Cope⁵⁰	Federal	2008	Mitigation	Sentence affirmed
In re Nunez⁵¹	California	2009	Mitigation	Sentence vacated and remanded
Hall v. Lee⁵²	Georgia	2009	Mitigation	Sentence affirmed
Dever v. Kansas State Penitentiary^*⁵³	Federal	1992	Ineffective assistance	Habeas petition denied
Seidel v. Merkle^*⁵⁴	Federal	1998	Ineffective assistance	Habeas petition granted
Aguirre v. Alameida^*⁵⁵	Federal	2005	Ineffective assistance	Habeas petition granted

↵* Case not described in the paper.
↵† Jurisdiction uses the American Law Institute insanity standard.
↵‡ Jurisdiction uses the M'Naughten insanity standard.