Table 4

Evolution of Offenders' Ritualistic Behavior

Ritualistic Behavior	n^*	%^†
Evolving torture rituals	4	10.8
Evolving postmortem mutilation	4	10.8
Increasingly distinctive mementos	3	8.1
Incorporation of mementos from previous victims	1	2.7
Evolving gagging rituals	1	2.7
Incorporation of prior victim in subsequent homicide	1	2.7
From hidden disposal of victim's remains to exhibiting victim remains	1	2.7
From sexually assaulting unconscious victim to necrophilia	1	2.7
From oral penis penetration of victim to inserting foreign objects	1	2.7
Total	17	45.9

* The number of offenders in the sample who exhibited evolution of ritualistic behavior.
† Proportion of offenders in sample who exhibited evolution of ritualistic behavior (n = 37).