States With Affirmative Duty Jurisdictions: Verdict or Summary Judgment for the Defendant Because of Statutory Immunity
| State (Statute) | Court | Case |
|---|---|---|
| California (Cal. Civ. Code § 43.92 (2007)) | California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Six | Ley v. State of California, 8 Cal. Rptr. 3d 642 (Cal. Ct. App. 2004) |
| California Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, Division One | Michael E. L. v. County of San Diego, 228 Cal. Rptr. 139 (Cal. Ct. App. 1986) | |
| Utah (Utah Code Ann § 78-14a-102 (1998)) | Supreme Court of Utah | Higgins v. Salt Lake County, 855 P.2d 231 (Utah 1993) |
| Washington (Wash. Rev. Code § 71.05.120 (1991)) | Washington Court of Appeals, Division One | Tobis v. State, 758 P.2d 534 (Wash. Ct. App. 1988) |