Retualistic Behaviors and Their Frequencies
| Ritualistic Behavior | n* | %† |
|---|---|---|
| Penis penetration | 20 | 39.2 |
| Binding | 18 | 31.6 |
| Overkill | 17 | 25.3 |
| Beating | 11 | 21.5 |
| Posing | 13 | 17.7 |
| Mutilation | 10 | 13.3 |
| Trophies and souvenirs | 6 | 12.0 |
| Photographs and documentation | 4 | 11.4 |
| Dismemberment | 5 | 9.5 |
| Foreign object insertion | 9 | 8.9 |
| Torture | 4 | 7.6 |
| Biting | 4 | 7.0 |
| Gagging | 7 | 6.3 |
| Necrophilia | 3 | 1.9 |
* The number of offenders in the sample who exhibited this behavior at a crime scene. n = 37 offenders who exhibited ritualistic behavior.
† The percentage of the ritualistic behavior across the sample of offenses or victims. n = 158 victims of those offenders who exhibited ritualistic behavior.