Table 2

Using Dissociative Identity Disorder^* as a Basis for Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity

Case	Year	Charge	Defense	Court Ruling
State v. Milligan²⁴	1978	Rape	NGRI-MPD	Lack of an integrated personality meant the defendant was not culpable
State v. Darnall²⁵	1980	Murder	NGRI-MPD	Multiple personalities do not preclude criminal responsibility
State v. Grimsley²⁶	1982	Drunken driving	NGRI-MPD; primary personality had no control over the “alter”	State of consciousness or personality of defendant is immaterial
Kirkland v. State²⁷	1983	Bank robbery	NGRI-psychogenic fugue	Law does not inquire about other personalities, fugue states, or moods in cases of criminal liability
State v. Jones²⁸	1988	Murder	NGRI-MPD	Alter personalities will not be an excuse for inability to distinguish right from wrong
State v. Greene²⁹	1998	Murder	NGRI - DID; primary personality was “unconscious”	Evidence of DID, including expert testimony, was not admissible because it did not meet reliability standards
State v. Lockhart³⁰	2000	Sexual assault	NGRI-DID	DID was not allowed into evidence by the West Virginia Court due to lack of scientific evidence

↵* Dissociative identity disorder formerly was referred to as multiple personality disorder.