Time | | | | |
Less time since protection order implementation | 5, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22 | | | 20 |
Victim characteristics | | | | |
Male | | 14 | | |
Low socioeconomic status | 18, 24 | | | |
Biological children with defendant | 16, 18 | | 16 | 17 |
African-American | 18, 24 | | | |
Substance abuse history | 24 | | | |
Perpetrator characteristics | | | | |
Violence history/criminal history | 12, 16, 17 | | 15, 16 | |
Younger age | 17 | | | |
Male | | | 15 | |
Substance abuse history | 12 | | 15 | 17 |
Less than full-time employment | 12 | | | |
Mental health system contact | | | 15 | 17 |
Relationship factors | | | | |
Living separately | 16 | | 16 | 17 |
Type of abuse (stalking vs. other) | 23 | 14, 23 | | |
Shorter relationship duration | 18 | | | |
Legal system factors | | | | |
No arrest at the time of protection order placement | 18 | | | 16, 17 |
Perceived adequacy of the protection order | 16 | | 16 | |
Nonmutual protection order (vs. mutual) | | | 18 | |
No-contact protection orders (vs. contact) | 17 | | | |