Table 1

Criteria for Involuntary Admission

	Date of Publication	Diagnoses Legally Defined	Medical Protective Admission			Emergency Admission
	Date of Publication	Diagnoses Legally Defined	Need to treat	Danger to self	Impairment of judgment	Risk to self	Risk to others	Risk to society/public order
Shanghai	2002	Mental illness	Yes	ND	Lack of insight	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ningbo^*	2006	Mental illness	Yes	ND	Cannot comprehend or control behavior	–	–	–
Hangzhou^*	2007	Mental illness	Yes	ND	Cannot comprehend or control behavior	–	–	–
Beijing	2007	Severe mental illness	ND	ND	Cannot comprehend mental health condition, perceive external reality, or control behavior	No	Yes	Yes
Wuxi	2007	Severe mental illness	ND	ND	Cannot comprehend mental health condition, perceive external reality, or control behavior	No	Yes	Yes
Wuhan^*	2010	Mental illness	Yes	ND	Cannot comprehend or control behavior	–	–	–
Shenzhen	2012	Mental illness	Yes	ND	Cannot comprehend or control behavior	Yes	Yes	Yes
Draft 1	Jun 2011	Mental illness	No	Yes	Cannot comprehend or control behavior	No	Yes	Yes
Draft 2	Oct 2001	Severe mental illness	Yes	Yes	Cannot comprehend mental health condition, perceive external reality, or manage personal affairs	No	Yes	No
National Law	2012	Severe mental illness	No	Yes	Cannot comprehend mental health condition, perceive external reality, or manage personal affairs	No	Yes	No

ND, not defined.
↵* In Ningbo, Hangzhou, and Wuhan, there are no clear legal regulations for emergency admission. Mentally ill patients who are deemed a danger to others or society can only be detained if the dangerous behavior constitutes a criminal offense. In that situation, a compulsory admission is initiated by the police after a forensic psychiatric evaluation.