Development of abstract thinking during childhood and adolescence: The role of rostrolateral prefrontal cortex

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2014.07.009Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Highlights

  • Rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) supports self-generated, abstract thought processing.

  • Flexibly attending towards and processing abstract thoughts develop in adolescence.

  • RPFC activation becomes more specific to relational integration during development.

  • Prospective memory development remains to be further studied using neuroimaging.

  • Training of abstract thinking, e.g. reasoning, may have implication for education.

Abstract

Rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) has increased in size and changed in terms of its cellular organisation during primate evolution. In parallel emerged the ability to detach oneself from the immediate environment to process abstract thoughts and solve problems and to understand other individuals’ thoughts and intentions. Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) is thought to play an important role in supporting the integration of abstract, often self-generated, thoughts. Thoughts can be temporally abstract and relate to long term goals, or past or future events, or relationally abstract and focus on the relationships between representations rather than simple stimulus features. Behavioural studies have provided evidence of a prolonged development of the cognitive functions associated with RLPFC, in particular logical and relational reasoning, but also episodic memory retrieval and prospective memory. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies provide further support for a prolonged development of RLPFC during adolescence, with some evidence of increased specialisation of RLPFC activation for relational integration and aspects of episodic memory retrieval. Topics for future research will be discussed, such as the role of medial RPFC in processing abstract thoughts in the social domain, the possibility of training abstract thinking in the domain of reasoning, and links to education.

Keywords

Adolescence
Cognitive control
Frontopolar cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Brodmann area 10
Reasoning

Cited by (0)

Available online 12 August 2014