Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but serious adverse effect of antipsychotic medication. The author describes three new cases and reviews 50 others published in the past 5 years. Demographic and clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and pathophysiology are critically reviewed, and a new set of diagnostic criteria, incorporating physical signs and routine laboratory tests, is proposed.
MeSH terms
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Aged
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Antipsychotic Agents / adverse effects
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Antipsychotic Agents / pharmacology
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Basal Ganglia Diseases / diagnosis*
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Bromocriptine / therapeutic use
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Child
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Dantrolene / therapeutic use
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Dopamine / physiology
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Dopamine Antagonists
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Malignant Hyperthermia / diagnosis
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Middle Aged
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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / diagnosis*
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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / drug therapy
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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / physiopathology
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Psychotic Disorders / drug therapy
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Receptors, Dopamine / drug effects
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Receptors, Dopamine / physiology
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Rhabdomyolysis / diagnosis
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Schizophrenia / drug therapy
Substances
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Antipsychotic Agents
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Dopamine Antagonists
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Receptors, Dopamine
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Bromocriptine
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Dantrolene
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Dopamine