Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Mean MacCAT scores by age. The cut-off for clinically significant impairment is 7 or lower for the Understanding Scale and 8 or lower for the Reasoning and Appreciation Scales. The range of possible scores is 0 to 16 for Understanding and Reasoning and 0 to 12 for Appreciation.
- Figure 2
Percentage of youth with IQ scores above or below 60 whose scores on the Understanding scale were in the clinically significant impairment range. No youth in the 17- to 18-year age group had an IQ score below 60.
- Figure 3
Percentage of youth with IQ scores above and below 60 whose Reasoning score was in the clinically significant impairment range.
- Figure 4
Percentage of youth with IQ scores above and below 60 whose Appreciation scores were in the clinically significant impairment range. No youth in the 17- to 18-year age group had an IQ score below 60.
Tables
Variable 9–12 Years (n = 26) 13–14 Years(n = 74) 15–16 Years(n = 100) 17–18 Years(n = 47) F p Grade M 5.0 7.3 8.7 10.0 142.1 .001 SD 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 Estimated IQ M 73.7 74.3 72.6 87.6 11.7 .001 SD 14.1 15.5 15.7 12.4 WRAT Read M 73.0 81.6 82.7 83.4 2.7 .05 SD 21.9 15.1 15.7 16.4 Spell M 78.6 82.3 84.4 83.9 1.0 .40 SD 19.4 16.5 15.4 16.2 Arith* M 77.2 80.0 83.0 85.4 2.9 .03 SD 14.5 13.8 11.3 15.2 BPRS-C Internal† M 6.14 5.97 5.80 6.14 .53 .66 SD 8.4 6.6 6.1 8.0 External‡ M 5.01 4.05 4.09 3.82 6.95 .001 SD 1.58 1.06 1.07 .91 DevMal§ M 7.31 6.81 6.65 6.47 1.41 .24 SD 2.08 1.96 1.72 1.53 Number of charges M 9.1 14.5 17.7 18.7 4.9 .003 SD 6.2 11.1 13.0 12.3 Data are the mean (M) ± SD.
* Arithmetic subtest of the WRAT-3.
† Internalization factor of the BPRS-C.
‡ Externalization factor of the BPRS-C.
§ Developmental maladjustment factor of the BPRS-C.
IQ WRATRead WRATSpell WRATArith Number ofCharges BPRS-CInternal BPRS-CExternal BPRS-CDevelopmentalMaladjustment MacCATUnderstand MacCATReasoning MacCATApprec. Age .192 .152 .106 .247 .245 .009 −.261 −.070 .338 .388 .201 .002 .017 .097 .001 .001 .892 .001 .275 .001 .001 .001 Estimated .553 .492 .514 −.108 .017 −.173 −.240 .417 .434 .329 IQ .001 .001 .001 .092 .788 .007 .001 .001 .001 .001 WRAT .863 .523 −.144 −.033 −.306 −.269 .467 .423 .296 Reading .001 .001 .023 .611 .001 .001 .001 .001 .001 WRAT .516 −.183 −.043 −.237 −.236 .374 .337 .242 Spelling .001 .004 .501 .001 .001 .001 .001 .001 WRAT −.065 −.121 −.240 −.266 .460 .420 .354 Arithmetic .310 .058 .001 .001 .001 .001 .001 Number of .116 .109 .021 .050 .079 .138 Charges .070 .089 .746 .434 .214 .030 BPRS-C −.088 .119 .029 −.042 −.122 Internal .169 .062 .647 .514 .055 BPRS-C .298 −.392 −.306 −.219 External .001 .001 .001 .001 BPRS-C −.154 −.136 −.231 Developmental Maladjustment .015 .033 .001 MacCAT-CA .530 .452 Understand .001 .001 MacCAT-CA .490 Reasoning .001 MacCAT-CA Scores Age Group (years) ANCOVA 9−12(n = 26) 13–14(n = 74) 15–16(n = 100) 17–18(n = 47) F p Understanding M 7.2 9.8 9.9 11.2 8.6 .001 SD 3.2 2.8 2.8 3.0 Range 2–14 4–16 2–16 4−16 Reasoning M 8.2 10.4 10.9 12.1 8.6 .001 SD 3.1 2.9 2.6 3.2 Range 1–14 2–16 3–16 3–16 Appreciation M 7.3 8.9 8.8 9.5 4.0 .009 SD 3.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 Range 0–12 0–12 3−12 3−12 Estimated full-scale IQ served as the covariate in the three ANCOVA analyses. The means (M) and SDs listed above represent their true values. There has been no adjustment for the covariate. Post hoc analyses using the LSD test revealed that, after allowance for intelligence, the 9–12 group differed significantly from the remaining three age groups, which did not differ significantly from each other.
Variables β t p Age in months (squared) .14 2.48 .01 Number of Charges .10 1.76 .08 WRAT Reading .31 2.90 .004 Spelling −.12 −1.14 .26 Arithmetic .22 3.32 .001 Estimated Full Scale IQ .14 2.20 .03 BPRS-C Internalization .01 0.27 .79 Externalization −.25 −4.38 .001 Developmental maladjustment .10 1.79 .07 - Table 5
Multiple Regression Results: Predicting Scores on the Reasoning Scale of the MacCAT-CA
Variables β t p Age in months (squared) .21 3.8 .001 Number of Charges .11 1.8 .06 WRAT Reading .26 2.4 .02 Spelling −.10 −1.0 .33 Arithmetic .15 2.2 .02 Estimated Full Scale IQ .22 3.4 .001 BPRS-C Internalization −.06 −1.18 .24 Externalization −.16 −2.96 .003 Developmental Maladjustment .11 1.99 .05 - Table 6
Multiple Regression Results: Predicting Scores on the Appreciation Scale of the MacCAT-CA
Variables β t p Age in months (squared) .01 0.16 .88 Number of Charges .21 3.35 .001 WRAT Reading .12 0.97 .34 Spelling −.05 −0.44 .66 Arithmetic .17 2.37 .02 Estimated Full Scale IQ .19 2.65 .01 BPRS-C Internalization −.14 −2.29 .03 Externalization −.14 −2.16 .03 Developmental Maladjustment −.04 0.65 .52 - Table 7
Percentage of Youth Whose Scores Fall in the Minimal or No Impairment, Mild Impairment, or Clinically Significant Impairment Ranges on the MacCAT-CA
Minimal or No Impairment MildImpairment Clinically SignificantImpairment Understanding 9–12 years 26.92 11.54 61.54 13–14 years 54.05 24.32 21.62 15–16 years 61.00 22.00 18.51 17–18 years 76.06 8.51 14.89 Reasoning 9–12 years 15.38 34.62 50.00 13–14 years 56.76 21.62 21.62 15–16 years 63.00 20.00 17.00 17–18 years 76.06 8.51 14.89 Appreciation 9–12 years 19.23 15.38 65.38 13–14 years 22.97 44.95 31.08 15–16 years 22.00 36.00 42.00 17–18 years 42.55 29.79 27.66
