Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Changes in South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) score (A) and Addiction Severity Index (ASI) gambling composite score (B) throughout the study of gamblers with or without gambling-related illegal behavior.
Tables
- Table 1
Demographic and Gambling Differences Between Gamblers With or Without a Recent History of Gambling-Related Illegal Behavior
Variable No Illegal Activities (n = 168) Illegal Activities (n = 63) χ2t, or Mann-Whitney Test p Age, mean (SD) 46.0 (11.2) 41.9 (9.3) t (229) = 2.60 .01 Gender χ2(1, n = 231) = 1.68 .20 Men, % (n) 52.4 (88) 61.9 (39) Women, % (n) 47.6 (80) 38.1 (24) Race, % (n)* χ2(1, n = 231) = 0.01 .94 Caucasian 84.5 (142) 84.1 (53) African American 8.9 (15) 7.9 (5) Hispanic 5.4 (9) 1.6 (1) Asian 0.6 (1) 1.6 (1) Other 0.6 (1) 4.8 (3) Education, % (n) χ2(2, n = 231) = 5.11 .08 High school or lower 9.5 (16) 3.2 (2) High school graduate 25.6 (43) 38.1 (24) Some college or more 64.9 (109) 58.7 (37) Yearly income, median (IQ range) 38,500 (35,600) 37,000 (29,200) U = 5242.0 .91 Marital status, % (n) χ2(3, n = 231) = 3.87 .28 Single/never married 28.0 (47) 30.2 (19) Married or cohabiting 44.0 (74) 33.3 (21) Divorced/separated 22.6 (38) 33.3 (21) Widowed 5.4 (9) 3.2 (2) SOGS score, mean (SD) Lifetime 11.9 (3.4) 14.3 (3.1) t (229) = −4.96 .001 Past 30 days 7.8 (3.8) 10.6 (3.10 t (227) = −5.25 .001 Age at first regular gambling, median (IQ range) 25.0 (24.0) 25.0 (26.0) U = 4933.0 .43 Amount gambled/past month, median (IQ range) $1,320 ($2,717) $2,256 ($3,110) U = 4485.5 .08 Days gambled in the past month, median (IQ range) 8.0 (15.0) 10.0 (15.0) U = 4745.00 .23 Current gambling debt median (IQ range) $2,000 ($10,000) $8,000 ($28,000) U = 3461.5 .001 Meets criteria for antisocial personality disorder, % (n) 12.5 (21) 23.8 (15) χ2(1, n = 231) = 4.46 .04 * χ2 analysis was of Caucasian participants versus all others (grouped) because of the small number of ethnic minorities. IQ range, interquartile range.
Source df F η2 p Between subjects Illegal behavior 1 22.95 .123 .001 Treatment condition 2 1.11 .013 .33 Illegal behavior/treatment condition 2 .03 .000 .98 ASPD 1 .01 .000 .93 Age 1 .38 .002 .54 Error 163 Within subjects Time 2 6.89 .041 .001 Time/illegal behavior 2 .85 .005 .43 Time/treatment condition 4 2.50 .030 .05 Time/illegal behavior/treatment condition 4 .64 .008 .63 Time/ASPD 2 .07 .000 .93 Time/age 2 1.05 .007 .35 Error (for time) 326 Source df F η2 p Between subjects Illegal behavior 1 10.96 .063 .001 Treatment condition 2 .69 .008 .50 Illegal behavior/treatment condition 2 .21 .003 .81 ASPD 1 .04 .000 .85 Age 1 1.10 .007 .30 Error 163 Within subjects Time 2 25.17 .134 .001 Time/illegal behavior 2 2.99 .018 .055 Time/treatment condition 4 2.17 .026 .07 Time/illegal behavior/treatment condition 4 1.03 .012 .39 Time/ASPD 2 1.28 .008 .29 Time/age 2 4.15 .025 .02 Error (for time) 326
