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OtherREGULAR ARTICLE

An Empirical Study of Employment and Disability Over Three Years Among Survivors of Major Disasters

Sarah S. Rasco and Carol S. North
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online March 2010, 38 (1) 80-86;
Sarah S. Rasco
MD
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Carol S. North
MD
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    Figure 1.

    Employment status over three-year follow-up.

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    Figure 2.

    Working on day of disaster, not working at three-year follow-up.

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    Table 1

    Description of the Seven Disasters and Research Participants from Each Site

    Place/DateDescription of IncidentIndex Study SampleFollow-up n (% of Index)
    Indianapolis, IN, plane crash into hotel, 10/20/87Military jet crashed into the lobby of a Ramada Inn. The hotel was destroyed, resulting in loss of employment for most; 10 fatalities (9 employees, 1 patron).74% of all hotel employees; n = 1714 (82%)
    Russellville, AR, mass shooting at local businesses, 12/28/87After murdering 14 people in his rural mobile home, a man went on a 35-minute shooting rampage through four local businesses; 2 fatalities, 4 injuries.72% of the employees of two affected businesses; n = 1110 (91%)
    Madison, FL, tornado, 4/19/88Without warning at 4:55 a.m., an F-4 tornado cut a mile-wide path through the town; 4 fatalities, 17 injuries.89% of affected households (one representative member of each); n = 4038 (95%)
    Killeen, TX, mass shooting at a cafeteria, 10/16/91A gunman drove his pickup truck through the front window of Luby's cafeteria and held 150 patrons and employees captive while shooting people at close range for 15 minutes; 24 fatalities (including gunman), 20 injuries.82% of individuals present during the shooting; n = 123105 (85%)
    Oakland/Berkeley, CA, firestorm, 10/20/91A massive firestorm fueled by a five-year drought and strong Santa Ana winds destroyed nearly 3,000 homes in largely upscale neighborhoods in the Oakland Hills over 3 days, causing $1.5 billion in damages; 25 fatalities, 150 injuries.Volunteer sample of respondents invited by random mailing to burned area households (one representative member each); n = 6254 (87%)
    Iowa City, IA, university campus mass shooting, 11/2/91After being passed over for an award, a disgruntled graduate student in physics went on a shooting rampage on the campus of the University of Iowa; six fatalities (gunman and university professors, students, and staff), one serious injury.75% of all individuals who encountered the gunman in the physics building where most of the shooting occurred; n = 96 (67%)
    Clayton, MO, mass shooting in courthouse, 6/5/92In court on divorce proceedings, a man shot at wife, lawyers, and judge and then stalked hallways with guns for 10 minutes; one fatality (gunman's wife), five injuries (including both parties' lawyers).Volunteer sample of courthouse employees, lawyers, and judges, and law enforcement personnel in courthouse during shooting; n = 7976 (96%)
    TotalN = 341303 (89%)
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    Table 2

    Employment Status on the Day of Disaster and at Three-Year Follow-Up

    Employment StatusDay of Disaster n (%)3-y Follow-up n (%)
    Working261 (86%)254 (84%)
    Not working42 (14%)49 (16%)
        Retired30 (10%)29 (10%)
        Housewife*11 (4%)15 (5%)
        Unemployed0 (0%)4 (1%)
        Disabled1 (<1%)1 (<1%)
    Total303 (100%)303 (100%)
    • * Self-described.

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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 38 (1)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 38, Issue 1
March 2010
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An Empirical Study of Employment and Disability Over Three Years Among Survivors of Major Disasters
Sarah S. Rasco, Carol S. North
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Mar 2010, 38 (1) 80-86;

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