Article Figures & Data
Tables
Variable n % Mean SD Demographics Age, y 41.20 8.50 Race/ethnicity Caucasian 88 72.0 African-American 34 27.9 Education, y 11.73 2.16 Employed 35 28.7 Substance abuse characteristics Substance dependent 92 75.4 Primary substance of abuse Alcohol 23 18.9 Marijuana 9 7.4 Cocaine (crack) 34 27.9 Heroin 28 23.0 Diverted into substance abuse treatment 73 62.3 Level of substance abuse treatment Inpatient treatment 57 78.1 Intensive outpatient treatment 9 12.3 Outpatient treatment 7 9.6 Legal characteristics Current misdemeanor charge 26 26.6 Current felony charge 89 77.4 Drug-related arrest 65 53.3 Incarcerated at time of evaluation 39 32.0 Total number of arrests (lifetime) 8.25 14.39 Length of current incarceration, months 6.23 13.06 Family history characteristics Family history of violence 37 30.3 Family history of substance abuse 73 59.8 Family history of mental illness 20 16.4 Violence characteristics History of violence (victim and/or perpetrator) 25 20.5 Victim of intimate partner violence 42 34.4 - Table 2
Differences in Characteristics Between Caucasian and African-American Female Offenders
Variable Caucasian African-American χ2 t p Differences across demographics Age in years, mean (SD) 40.99 (8.75) 41.74 (7.92) .43 .67 Education in years, mean (SD) 12.12 (2.06) 10.68 (2.11) −3.14 .01** Employed, % (n) 38.7 (29) 22.2 (6) 1.71 .19 Differences across substance abuse characteristics, % (n) Substance dependent 77.3 (68) 70.6 (24) .67 .71 Primary substance of abuse Alcohol 18.4 (16) 21.2 (7) 10.66 .03* Marijuana 9.2 (8) 3.0 (1) Cocaine (crack) 24.1 (21) 39.4 (13) Heroin 29.9 (26) 6.1 (2) Diverted into substance abuse treatment 63.6 (56) 58.8 (20) .90 .64 Level of substance abuse treatment Inpatient 79.6 (43) 73.7 (14) .34 .85 Intensive outpatient 11.1 (6) 15.8 (3) Outpatient 9.3 (5) 10.5 (2) Differences across legal characteristics Total number of arrests (lifetime), mean (SD) 7.87 (12.77) 9.33 (18.49) .45 .65 Length of current incarceration, mean (SD) 3.95 (9.97) 12.52 (17.97) 2.22 .035* Severity of current legal charge, % (n) Misdemeanor 22.0 (18) 24.2 (8) .00 .99 Felony 78.0 (64) 75.8 (25) Drug-related arrest, % (n) 69.8 (44) 30.2 (19) .15 .70 Incarcerated at time of evaluation, % (n) 20.5 (18) 61.8 (21) 19.24 .00** Differences across family history characteristics, % (n) Family history of violence 30.7 (27) 29.4 (10) 1.45 .49 Family history of substance abuse 59.1 (52) 61.8 (21) 2.85 .24 Family history of mental illness 19.3 (17) 8.8 (3) 2.76 .25 Differences across violence characteristics, % (n History of violence (victim and/or perpetrator) 15.9 (14) 32.4 (11) 7.64 .02* Victim of intimate partner violence 34.1 (30) 35.3 (12) 2.19 .34 * p < .05,
** p ≤ .01.
