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Article CommentaryAnalysis and Commentary

Survey of Forensic Mental Health Experts on Pro Se Competence After Indiana v. Edwards

Andrew R. Kaufman, James L. Knoll, Bruce B. Way, Cecilia Leonard and Jacob Widroff
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online December 2011, 39 (4) 565-570;
Andrew R. Kaufman
MD
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James L. Knoll
MD
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Bruce B. Way
PhD
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Cecilia Leonard
MD
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Jacob Widroff
MD
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    Figure 1.

    McGarry capacities for pro se competencies.

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    Table 1

    Varimax-Rotated Principal Component Analysis of the McGarry Capacities for Pro Se Competency*

    Component
    Defendant Capacity†Lawyering Capacity†
    Appreciate charges.850.118
    Range of penalties.816.281
    Available legal defenses.280.813
    Plan legal strategy.140.926
    Appraise likely outcome.568.474
    Role of court personnel.700.157
    Understand court procedure.454.554
    Testify relevantly.505.466
    Question/challenge witnesses.172.843
    Appropriate behavior.733.211
    Self-serving motivation.689.262
    Variance explained50.53%13.20%
    • n = 68. Salient loadings >.70 are in bold.

    • ↵* All reported Components have eigenvalues >1.0.

    • ↵† Descriptive names given to component 1 and 2.

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    Table 2

    Proposed Pro Se Competency Standard

    There is a presumption of competence; mental disease or defect must be present to render a defendant incompetent.
    If CST is in question, the defendant must first be adjudicated as CST according to the Dusky2 standard.
    The defendant must meet a higher standard of competence than for CST in the following areas:
    • Appraisal of available legal defenses

    • Planning a legal strategy

    • Questioning and challenging witnesses

    The defendant must be within the general average range of cognitive abilities in the following domains:
    • General intelligence

    • Verbal ability

    • Literacy

    The defendant must be willing to accept an SBC, who will be appointed by mandate. The SBC appointee has the right and responsibility to request a new evaluation for CST or PSC at any time during the course of the trial proceedings.
    The defendant must possess a rational reason for proceeding pro se. The defendant's rationality should be assessed by the expert witness but ruled on by the presiding judge.
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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 39 (4)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 39, Issue 4
1 Dec 2011
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Survey of Forensic Mental Health Experts on Pro Se Competence After Indiana v. Edwards
Andrew R. Kaufman, James L. Knoll, Bruce B. Way, Cecilia Leonard, Jacob Widroff
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Dec 2011, 39 (4) 565-570;

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Survey of Forensic Mental Health Experts on Pro Se Competence After Indiana v. Edwards
Andrew R. Kaufman, James L. Knoll, Bruce B. Way, Cecilia Leonard, Jacob Widroff
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Dec 2011, 39 (4) 565-570;
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