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Research ArticleRegular Articles

Prevalence and Treatment of Frotteurism in the Community: A Systematic Review

R. Scott Johnson, Britta Ostermeyer, Kristi A. Sikes, Andrea J. Nelsen and John H. Coverdale
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online December 2014, 42 (4) 478-483;
R. Scott Johnson
Drs. Johnson and Sikes are residents, and Dr. Coverdale is Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Ethics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dr. Ostermeyer is the Paul and Ruth Jonas Chair, Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK. Dr. Nelsen is Psychiatrist of Forensic Programs, Minnesota Security Hospital, St. Peter, MN. A preliminary poster of this material was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, October 21–24, 2012, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Britta Ostermeyer
Drs. Johnson and Sikes are residents, and Dr. Coverdale is Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Ethics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dr. Ostermeyer is the Paul and Ruth Jonas Chair, Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK. Dr. Nelsen is Psychiatrist of Forensic Programs, Minnesota Security Hospital, St. Peter, MN. A preliminary poster of this material was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, October 21–24, 2012, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Kristi A. Sikes
Drs. Johnson and Sikes are residents, and Dr. Coverdale is Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Ethics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dr. Ostermeyer is the Paul and Ruth Jonas Chair, Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK. Dr. Nelsen is Psychiatrist of Forensic Programs, Minnesota Security Hospital, St. Peter, MN. A preliminary poster of this material was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, October 21–24, 2012, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Andrea J. Nelsen
Drs. Johnson and Sikes are residents, and Dr. Coverdale is Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Ethics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dr. Ostermeyer is the Paul and Ruth Jonas Chair, Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK. Dr. Nelsen is Psychiatrist of Forensic Programs, Minnesota Security Hospital, St. Peter, MN. A preliminary poster of this material was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, October 21–24, 2012, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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John H. Coverdale
Drs. Johnson and Sikes are residents, and Dr. Coverdale is Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Ethics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dr. Ostermeyer is the Paul and Ruth Jonas Chair, Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK. Dr. Nelsen is Psychiatrist of Forensic Programs, Minnesota Security Hospital, St. Peter, MN. A preliminary poster of this material was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, October 21–24, 2012, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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    Table 1

    Nonclinical Studies on the Prevalence of Frotteurism

    StudyCountrySubjectsSample Size* (n)Diagnostic ToolNumber Endorsing† (n)Prevalence (%)
    Templeman and Stinnett13United StatesOregon male undergraduates60Clarke Sexual History Questionnaire (SHQ)2135.0
    Freund and Seto14CanadaCommunity males483Erotic Preferences Examination Scheme (EPES)479.7
    Yajima15JapanMale undergraduates421Yajima Questionnaire (YQ)337.9
    Kar and Koola16IndiaIndian English-speaking males33Sexual Preferences Questionnaire (SPQ)39.1
    • ↵* N = 997, all males.

    • ↵† n = 104.

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    Table 2

    Epidemiologic Quality Tool Results in the Nonclinical Studies

    StudyNational SampleResponse RateLarge Sample SizeDSM-consistent QuestionsReliabilityExcludes Childhood BehaviorSummed Score
    Freund and Seto140000.5011.5
    Yajima150000011
    Templeman and Stinnett130000.5000.5
    Kar and Koola160000.5000.5
    • View popup
    Table 3

    Nonclinical Questions Posed Regarding Frotteurism

    Templeman and Stinnett13
        Two questions were posed; an answer in the affirmative (i.e., any response other than zero) to either question resulted in the participant's being categorized as a frotteur for purposes of prevalence:
            “How many times have you ever intentionally rubbed up (in a sexual way) against someone who did not know you, against his/her will in a crowd?” (a) 0, (b) 1, (c) 2–5, (d) 6–10 (e) 11–15,…” OR
            “How many times have you intentionally touched with your hands (in a sexual way) someone who did not know you, against his/her will in a crowd? (a) 0, (b) 1, (c) 2–5, (d) 6–10, (e) 11–15”
    Freund and Seto14
        Two questions were posed; an answer in the affirmative (i.e., a yes) to both questions resulted in the participant's being categorized as a frotteur for purposes of prevalence:
            “Since age 16, have you ever attempted to fondle the breasts or crotch of an unsuspecting female who was almost or totally a stranger?” AND
            “Since age 16, have you ever stood behind an unsuspecting female who was almost or totally a stranger to you and pressed (intentionally) your penis against her buttocks?”
    Yajima15
        One question was posed, and two separate prevalence values were calculated, depending on the number of participants who selected option a) or b), respectively:
            [translated from Japanese] “I would like to ask about your sexual preferences. With regard to the following, would you want to engage in the activity? Chikan: a) very much, b) if it were only once”
    Kar and Koola16
        One true-or-false question was posed, and a response of true classified the participant as a frotteur for purposes of prevalence:
            “I rub genitals against people for sexual stimulation in crowded public places. True or False”
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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 42 (4)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 42, Issue 4
1 Dec 2014
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Prevalence and Treatment of Frotteurism in the Community: A Systematic Review
R. Scott Johnson, Britta Ostermeyer, Kristi A. Sikes, Andrea J. Nelsen, John H. Coverdale
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Dec 2014, 42 (4) 478-483;

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Prevalence and Treatment of Frotteurism in the Community: A Systematic Review
R. Scott Johnson, Britta Ostermeyer, Kristi A. Sikes, Andrea J. Nelsen, John H. Coverdale
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Dec 2014, 42 (4) 478-483;
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