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Research ArticleRegular Articles

Nonemergency Involuntary Antipsychotic Medication in Prison: Effects on Prison Inpatient Days and Disciplinary Charges

Anasuya Salem, Alexander Kushnier, Nicole Dorio and Rusty Reeves
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online June 2015, 43 (2) 159-164;
Anasuya Salem
Dr. Salem is Northern Regional Director of Psychiatry and Dr. Reeves is Director of Psychiatry, Rutgers-University Correctional Health Care (UCHC), Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dr. Salem is Clinical Assistant Professor, Dr. Reeves is Clinical Associate Professor and Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship, and Drs. Kushnier and Dorio are Forensic Psychiatry Fellows, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
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Alexander Kushnier
Dr. Salem is Northern Regional Director of Psychiatry and Dr. Reeves is Director of Psychiatry, Rutgers-University Correctional Health Care (UCHC), Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dr. Salem is Clinical Assistant Professor, Dr. Reeves is Clinical Associate Professor and Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship, and Drs. Kushnier and Dorio are Forensic Psychiatry Fellows, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
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Nicole Dorio
Dr. Salem is Northern Regional Director of Psychiatry and Dr. Reeves is Director of Psychiatry, Rutgers-University Correctional Health Care (UCHC), Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dr. Salem is Clinical Assistant Professor, Dr. Reeves is Clinical Associate Professor and Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship, and Drs. Kushnier and Dorio are Forensic Psychiatry Fellows, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
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Rusty Reeves
Dr. Salem is Northern Regional Director of Psychiatry and Dr. Reeves is Director of Psychiatry, Rutgers-University Correctional Health Care (UCHC), Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dr. Salem is Clinical Assistant Professor, Dr. Reeves is Clinical Associate Professor and Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship, and Drs. Kushnier and Dorio are Forensic Psychiatry Fellows, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
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    Table 1

    Inpatient Days and Disciplinary Charges Before and During Involuntary Medication

    Before Involuntary Medication ProtocolDuring Involuntary Medication Protocolp
    Weighted average annual prison inpatient days137149NS
    Weighted mean number of inmates with charges7961<.05
    Weighted mean instances of charges per inmate2.10.82<.05
    Weighted average number of charges per inmate3.01.1<.05
    • NS, nonsignificant.

    • View popup
    Table 2

    Inpatient Days and Depot Medication Among Patients With and Without Disciplinary Charges

    Patients With Any Charge (n = 61)Patients With No Charge (n = 72)p
    Average annual prison inpatient days during involuntary medication147152NS
    Percentage of patients on depot involuntary medication5436NS
    • View popup
    Table 3

    Race of Involuntarily Medicated Patients and Overall DOC Inmate Population

    RaceInmate ethnic population on Involuntary Medication Protocol (%)NJ DOC Whole Inmate Population by Race/Ethnicityp
    Black6761NS
    Hispanic9.818<.01
    Asian1.50.5<.05
    White18.120NS
    • NS, nonsignificant.

    • View popup
    Table 4

    Diagnoses of Inmates Placed on Involuntary Medication

    Diagnosisn%
    Psychotic disorders
        Schizophrenia5037.0
        Schizoaffective disorder3929.0
        Psychotic disorder NOS2216.0
        Schizophreniform disorder54.0
        Delusional disorder43.0
        Psychotic disorder secondary to general medical condition/head trauma21.5
        Brief psychotic disorder11.0
        Bipolar with psychotic features21.5
        Bipolar disorder107.0
        Total135100.0
    Personality disorders
        ASPD with borderline features24.0
        ASPD with narcissistic features12.0
        ASPD3156.0
        Personality disorder NOS1934.0
        Schizotypal personality disorder24.0
        Total55100.0
    • ASPD, antisocial personality disorder.

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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 43 (2)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 43, Issue 2
1 Jun 2015
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Nonemergency Involuntary Antipsychotic Medication in Prison: Effects on Prison Inpatient Days and Disciplinary Charges
Anasuya Salem, Alexander Kushnier, Nicole Dorio, Rusty Reeves
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Jun 2015, 43 (2) 159-164;

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Nonemergency Involuntary Antipsychotic Medication in Prison: Effects on Prison Inpatient Days and Disciplinary Charges
Anasuya Salem, Alexander Kushnier, Nicole Dorio, Rusty Reeves
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Jun 2015, 43 (2) 159-164;
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