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DSM-5 Criteria Retrofit from V-DISC A. Severe recurrent temper tantrums manifested verbally and behaviorally grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation: “About how often do you lose your temper?” answering “A few days a week.” or “Nearly every day.” B. Temper outbursts inconsistent with developmental level “About how often do you lose your temper?” answering “A few days a week” or “Nearly every day.” C. Average, 3+ per week “About how often do you lose your temper?” answering “A few days a week” or “Nearly every day.” D. Irritable mood between outbursts “In the past six months, have you been grouchy or easily annoyed?” Answering “Nearly every day.” AND AND Angry mood between outbursts. “In the past six months, have you been mad at people or things?” answering “Nearly every day” or “In the past six months, have you gotten angry because you've thought things were unfair?” answering “Nearly every day.” E. Criteria A–D for 12+ months. Data unavailable on V-DISC, which asks specifically about presence of criteria within the past six months. F. Criteria A–D in at least two settings (home, school, or peers); severe in one. Data unavailable on V-DISC. G. Not >6 years old and not >18 years old. Age is an inclusion parameter. H. Age at onset A–E: <10 years. Data unavailable on V-DISC. I. Episodes of elated mood plus manic-specific symptoms lasting more than one day cannot be present. Exclusion criteria included that DMDD cannot coexist with ODD, intermittent explosive disorder (IED), or bipolar disorder. J. Symptoms are not occurring exclusively during a psychotic or mood disorder or are better accounted for by another disorder. Data unavailable on V-DISC. K. Not from effects of a substance. Data unavailable on V-DISC. DMDD + (n = 314) DBD + (without mood or DMDD) (n = 1,952) Other Mood + (without DBD or DMDD) (n = 232) Characteristics n (%) n (%) n (%) Female* 131 (41.7) 360 (18.4) 85 (36.6) White 128 (40.8) 916 (46.9) 89 (38.4) Age (mean, SD)* 15.8 (1.5) 16.0 (1.3) 15.9 (1.5) Grade (mean, SD)† 8.7 (1.4) 8.9 (1.4) 9.0 (1.6) Juvenile justice setting* System intake 122 (38.9) 403 (20.6) 82 (35.3) Secure care 192 (61.1) 1549 (79.4) 150 (64.7) Interpersonal offense* 127 (41.0) 582 (30.0) 92 (39.7) Age at first offense (mean, SD) 13.3 (1.9) 13.2 (2.0) 13.4 (1.8) Repeat offender* 221 (71.8) 1608 (84.0) 184 (80.3) Posttraumatic stress disorder* 65 (20.8) 38 (1.9) 46 (19.8) Traumatic exposure Forced sexual activity* 75 (24.0) 231 (11.8) 64 (27.6) Assaultive violence 223 (71.2) 1374 (70.5) 150 (64.7) Affective disorder*,† 142 (47.0) — 232 (100.0) Major depressive disorder*,† 132 (42.0) — 195 (84.1) Lifetime suicide attempt* 113 (36.0) 376 (19.3) 80 (34.5) Disruptive behavior disorder* 188 (84.7) 1952 (100.0) — Substance use disorder*,† 165 (54.3) 1221 (64.6) 68 (29.7) DMDD vs. DBD with neither mood disorder nor DMDD OR (95% CI) DMDD vs. Other mood with neither DBD nor DMDD OR (95% CI) Female 0.45*** (0.33–0.60) 0.73 (0.49–1.08) White (vs. nonwhite) 1.25 (0.96–1.63) 0.88 (1.62–1.27) System intake setting (vs. secure care) 0.46*** (0.34–0.61) 0.69 (0.47–1.01) Interpersonal offense 0.69** (0.53–0.90) 0.86 (0.60–1.23) Posttraumatic stress disorder 0.09*** (0.06–0.14) 0.90 (0.57–1.42) Substance use disorder 1.27 (0.97–1.67) 0.32*** (1.22–0.47) Lifetime suicide attempt 0.60*** (0.44–0.81) 1.03 (0.70–1.52) Exposure to forced sexual activity 0.91 (0.63–1.30) 1.36 (1.87–2.13)
