Use of Manifest Injustice in the Washington State Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

Manifest Injustice Sentencing of Minority Youth Versus Caucasian Youth

	WA		JRA				Manifest Injustice Down					Manifest Injustice Up or In
	n = 406,846	%	n = 436	%	RR	p		n = 45	%	RR	p	n = 130	%	RR	p
Caucasian	277,554	68.22%	190	0.068%			% out of WA	23	0.008%			68	0.024%
Caucasian	277,554	68.22%	190	0.068%			% of in JRA	23	12.1%			68	35.8%
African American	19,166	4.71%	103	0.537%	7.85	<.0001	% out of WA	8	0.042%	5.04	.0001	18	0.094%	3.83	<.0001
African American	19,166	4.71%	103	0.537%	7.85	<.0001	% of in JRA	8	7.8%	0.64	.26	18	17.5%	0.49	.002
Hispanic	79,270	19.48%	76	0.096%	1.40	.0131	% out of WA	9	0.011%	1.37	.42	30	0.038%	1.54	.047
Hispanic	79,270	19.48%	76	0.096%	1.40	.0131	% of in JRA	9	11.8%	0.98	.95	30	39.5%	1.10	.57
Multiracial	30,856	7.58%	67	0.217%	3.17	<.0001	% out of WA	5	0.016%	1.96	.17	14	0.045%	1.85	.04
Multiracial	30,856	7.58%	67	0.217%	3.17	<.0001	% of in JRA	5	7.5%	0.62	.31	14	20.9%	0.58	.04
All minorities	129,292	31.77%	246	0.190%	2.78	<.0001	% out of WA	22	0.017%	2.05	<.0001	62	0.048%	1.96	.0001
All minorities	129,292	31.77%	246	0.190%	2.78	<.0001	% of in JRA	22	8.9%	0.74	.28	62	25.2%	0.70	.02

Total numbers reflect the sums of Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and multiracial youth, not including other minority groups (e.g., American Indian/Native Alaskan, Asian) due to low numbers.
RRs and p values are computed with Caucasian Youth as the reference group.
RR, rate ratio; WA, Washington State; JRA, Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration.