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Research ArticleRegular Articles

Risk Assessment of Online Child Sexual Exploitation Offenders

Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Douglas Tucker and Renée L. Binder
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online June 2019, 47 (2) 155-164; DOI: https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.003830-19
Matthew E. Hirschtritt
Dr. Hirschtritt is Forensic Psychiatry Fellow, Dr. Tucker is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, and Dr. Binder is Professor and Director, Psychiatry and the Law Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
MD, MPH
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Douglas Tucker
Dr. Hirschtritt is Forensic Psychiatry Fellow, Dr. Tucker is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, and Dr. Binder is Professor and Director, Psychiatry and the Law Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
MD
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Renée L. Binder
Dr. Hirschtritt is Forensic Psychiatry Fellow, Dr. Tucker is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, and Dr. Binder is Professor and Director, Psychiatry and the Law Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
MD
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    Table 1

    Comparison of Characteristics Associated With Online, Contact, and Mixed Offenders

    CharacteristicContact vs. Online OffendersMixed vs. Online OffendersMixed vs. Contact Offenders
    Internet access variables
        AgeC > ONSDNSD
        IncomeNSDNSD—
        Manual laborC > ONSD—
        Formal educationC < ONSDM > C
        Racial minorityC > ONSDM < C
        Internet preoccupationC < O——
    Antisocial traits
        Any prior offensesC > OM > ONSD
        Prior violent offensesC > OM > ONSD
        General empathy deficitsNSDNSDM > C
        CallousnessC < O—NSD
        HostilityC > ONSD—
        Problems with supervisionC > O——
        Low self-regulationNSDNSDNSD
        Impulsivity—NSDNSD
        Substance abuseC > OM > O—
        UnemployedC > OM > ONSD
    Sexual-offending variables
        Prior sexual offensesC > OM > ONSD
        Static risk scaleNSD——
        Other risk scaleNSD——
        Any paraphiliaNSDM > OM > C
        Cognitive distortionsC > ONSDM > C
        Victim empathy deficitsNSD——
        Emotional identification with childrenNSDNSDNSD
        Minimization of behaviorNSD——
        Access to childrenC > OM > ONSD
        Has own childrenC > ONSDNSD
    Relationship and sex life variables
        SingleNSDNSDNSD
        Never marriedNSDNSD—
        Never lived with a partnerNSDNSD—
        Homosexual or bisexualNSDM > OM > C
        Intimacy deficitsNSDNSDNSD
        Problems with sex lifeNSD——
        Detached relationship styleC > ONSD—
        Low sexual regulationC < OM > O—
        Sexual preoccupationC < O——
        Low-commitment sexNSDM > O—
    Psychological variables
        Severe mental illnessC > O——
        Personality disorderNSD——
        AnxietyNSD——
        DepressionNSDNSD—
        General social deficitsNSDNSDNSD
        Low self-esteemNSD—NSD
        Poor coping skillsNSDNSDNSD
        Low assertivenessC < O——
        Social desirabilityC > ONSD—
        Impression managementNSDNSDM < C
    Childhood variables
        Childhood sexual abuseC > OM > ONSD
        Childhood physical abuseC > OM > O—
        Family abuse in childhoodNSDM > O—
        Family disruptionC > ONSDNSD
        Conduct issues in childhoodC > OM > ONSD
        Juvenile delinquencyC > O—NSD
        Acting out in childhoodC > ONSD—
        Emotional difficulties in childhoodNSD——
    • Note: adapted from Babchishin et al.14 Differences were considered significant if mixed-effect models comparing groups were significant at p < .05 after removing outliers.

    • —, there were not sufficient studies to make a valid comparison; C, contact offenders; O, online offenders; M, mixed offenders; NSD, no significant difference.

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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 47 (2)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 47, Issue 2
1 Jun 2019
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Risk Assessment of Online Child Sexual Exploitation Offenders
Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Douglas Tucker, Renée L. Binder
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Jun 2019, 47 (2) 155-164; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.003830-19

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Risk Assessment of Online Child Sexual Exploitation Offenders
Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Douglas Tucker, Renée L. Binder
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Jun 2019, 47 (2) 155-164; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.003830-19
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    • Online, Contact, and Mixed Offenders
    • Prior Contacts Among Online Offenders
    • From Online to Contact Offending
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    • Conclusions and Future Directions
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