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Case Court Decision Roper v. Simmons (2005)2 Set aside death penalty for juveniles Graham v. Florida (2010)4 Prohibited LWOP for nonhomicide juvenile cases Miller v. Alabama (2012)5 Prohibited mandatory LWOP in juvenile homicide cases Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016)10 Miller applies retroactively and requires individualized sentencing Adams v. Alabama (2016)11 Review required for juvenile death sentences commuted to LWOP LWOP, life without parole.
Organization Position American Bar Association21 Juvenile offenders should generally be eligible for parole or other early release consideration at a reasonable point during their sentence and periodically thereafter if not released American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry22 Opposes LWOP for crimes committed as juveniles American Psychiatric Association23 Long-term sentences without the possibility of parole are undesirable for offenders younger than 18 at the time of the offense Mental Health America24 Opposes LWOP for juvenile offenders United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child25 Life imprisonment without possibility of parole shall not be imposed for offenses committed by persons younger than 18 LWOP, life without parole.
