Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Comparison of Characteristics Associated With Online, Contact, and Mixed Offenders
Characteristic Contact vs. Online Offenders Mixed vs. Online Offenders Mixed vs. Contact Offenders Internet access variables Age C > O NSD NSD Income NSD NSD — Manual labor C > O NSD — Formal education C < O NSD M > C Racial minority C > O NSD M < C Internet preoccupation C < O — — Antisocial traits Any prior offenses C > O M > O NSD Prior violent offenses C > O M > O NSD General empathy deficits NSD NSD M > C Callousness C < O — NSD Hostility C > O NSD — Problems with supervision C > O — — Low self-regulation NSD NSD NSD Impulsivity — NSD NSD Substance abuse C > O M > O — Unemployed C > O M > O NSD Sexual-offending variables Prior sexual offenses C > O M > O NSD Static risk scale NSD — — Other risk scale NSD — — Any paraphilia NSD M > O M > C Cognitive distortions C > O NSD M > C Victim empathy deficits NSD — — Emotional identification with children NSD NSD NSD Minimization of behavior NSD — — Access to children C > O M > O NSD Has own children C > O NSD NSD Relationship and sex life variables Single NSD NSD NSD Never married NSD NSD — Never lived with a partner NSD NSD — Homosexual or bisexual NSD M > O M > C Intimacy deficits NSD NSD NSD Problems with sex life NSD — — Detached relationship style C > O NSD — Low sexual regulation C < O M > O — Sexual preoccupation C < O — — Low-commitment sex NSD M > O — Psychological variables Severe mental illness C > O — — Personality disorder NSD — — Anxiety NSD — — Depression NSD NSD — General social deficits NSD NSD NSD Low self-esteem NSD — NSD Poor coping skills NSD NSD NSD Low assertiveness C < O — — Social desirability C > O NSD — Impression management NSD NSD M < C Childhood variables Childhood sexual abuse C > O M > O NSD Childhood physical abuse C > O M > O — Family abuse in childhood NSD M > O — Family disruption C > O NSD NSD Conduct issues in childhood C > O M > O NSD Juvenile delinquency C > O — NSD Acting out in childhood C > O NSD — Emotional difficulties in childhood NSD — — Note: adapted from Babchishin et al.14 Differences were considered significant if mixed-effect models comparing groups were significant at p < .05 after removing outliers.
—, there were not sufficient studies to make a valid comparison; C, contact offenders; O, online offenders; M, mixed offenders; NSD, no significant difference.
