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Article CommentaryAnalysis and Commentary

QAnon: A Modern Conspiracy Theory and the Assessment of Its Believers

Brian J. Holoyda
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online January 2022, JAAPL.210053-21; DOI: https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.210053-21
Brian J. Holoyda
Martinez Detention Facility, Martinez, CA.
MD, MPH, MBA
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    Table 1.

    Important Considerations in Forensic Evaluation of QAnon and Other Conspiracy Theorists

    DomainVariableExample Questions
    Belief historyContact with conspiracy theoryWhen and where did you first come into contact with QAnon content? Did you believe the QAnon claims at first? Did you have family or friends who believed in QAnon before you did?
    Acceptance of conspiracy theoryWhen did you first realize that QAnon (or its subtheories) was true? What convinced you of the truth of QAnon?
    Engagement with conspiracy theoryHow frequently do you read articles or blog posts or watch videos about QAnon?Do you communicate with other people online or in person regarding QAnon?
    Behaviors related to conspiracy theoryHave you met like-minded believers offline?Have you generated posts or videos about QAnon?Have you protested because of your QAnon-related beliefs?Have you engaged in criminal or violent behavior because of your QAnon-related beliefs?What is the likelihood that you will engage in violent or criminal behavior because of QAnon in the future?
    CognitiveConvictionOn a scale from 0 to 100, how firmly do you believe that QAnon is true?Are there aspects of QAnon that you do not believe? Why?
    PreoccupationWhat percent of the day do you spend thinking about QAnon?How does thinking about QAnon affect your mood?
    FlexibilityWhat evidence would persuade you that some aspect of QAnon is not true?What would you do if it turns out that QAnon is false?
    Self-referenceDo you think that QAnon directly affects you? How?Do you view yourself as a fighter or agent of change on behalf of QAnon?
    Justification/rationalizationDo you feel justified to act in response to QAnon?Do your beliefs justify violence or other criminal behavior?
    AffectiveAngerDo you become angry when you think about QAnon?Do you feel motivated to act in response to your anger?
    ParanoiaDoes QAnon cause you to worry about your safety and the safety of others?Do you feel motivated to act to protect yourself because of your QAnon-related beliefs?
    GrievanceHas QAnon convinced you that you are being wronged?Do you feel motivated to right any wrongs because of your QAnon-related beliefs?
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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 53 (1)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 53, Issue 1
1 Mar 2025
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QAnon: A Modern Conspiracy Theory and the Assessment of Its Believers
Brian J. Holoyda
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Jan 2022, JAAPL.210053-21; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.210053-21

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QAnon: A Modern Conspiracy Theory and the Assessment of Its Believers
Brian J. Holoyda
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Jan 2022, JAAPL.210053-21; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.210053-21
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • The Anatomy of a Conspiracy Theory
    • The Spread of QAnon
    • The Differential Diagnosis of Belief in QAnon
    • QAnon in Forensic Assessment
    • Conclusion
    • Footnotes
    • References
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Keywords

  • QAnon
  • conspiracy theory
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