Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Subgroups of alleged sexual offenders (n = 38).
Tables
Demographic information (age, gender, living conditions, level of education, employment, marital and parental status) Impairment in activities of daily living Criminal history Previous trauma (defined according to DSM-5 criterion A for PTSD) Substance abuse and treatment Medical information (including medications prescribed, history of traumatic brain injury, and other health problems) Psychiatric history (contact with community mental health services, prior psychiatric admission, prior suicide attempts, prior assessments, and psychosis at the time of the alleged offending) Cognitive assessments (including Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE)10, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)11, Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS)12, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)13, Cognitive Assessment of Minnesota14, and Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neurological Status (RBANS)15 when performed) Presence of mental disorder as defined by New Zealand Mental Health Act (MHA)16, Protection of Personal and Property Rights (PPPR) Act17 status (guardianship legislation for people who have lost decision-making capacity) Psychiatric diagnoses (including malingering) Report writers’ opinions Details surrounding the current charges (whether charge was violent or sexual in nature, number of charges, time since offense occurred, gender of victim, relationship of victim to the alleged offender, location of offense, substance use at the time of offense, maximum tariff or sentence, motive, and activity after the offense) Plea entered Legal outcome (when available) Demographic n % Agea 60–64 27 28 65+ 70 72 Gender Male 90 93 Female 7 7 Ethnicity Caucasian 54 56 Māori 22 23 Pacific Islander 12 12 Asian 3 3 Mixed 4 4 Unknown 1 1 Living conditions With family 41 42 Alone 23 24 Residential care 8 8 Homeless 6 6 Supported accommodation 6 6 With friends/flatmates 5 5 With de facto partner 4 4 Prison 2 2 Psychiatric hospital 1 1 Respite facility 1 1 Unknown 1 1 Marital status Married 26 27 Long-term relationship 5 5 Single 19 20 Widowed 10 10 Divorced 37 38 Parenthood Have children 82 85 No children 15 15 Trauma Experienced trauma 33 34 Unknown 6 6 Past incarceration Past incarceration 60 62 Unknown 7 7 Past violent conviction Past violent conviction 30 31 Unknown 2 2 Past sexual conviction Past sexual conviction 18 19 Unknown 2 2 aM ± SD = 68.5 ± 5.9 years; range = 60–83 years.
Substance Use History n % Alcohol 35 36 Cannabis 9 9 Prescription medicine abuse/dependence 3 3 Methamphetamine 2 2 Kava 1 1 Unknown 2 2 No history 49 51 Previous inpatient drug/alcohol treatment 13 13 Medical History n % Major neurocognitive disorder 37 38 Hypertension 35 36 Heart disease 32 33 Traumatic brain injury 24 25 Stroke 23 24 Diabetes mellitus 22 23 Lung disease 21 22 Seizure history 7 7 Liver disease 6 6 Cancer 4 4 Sexually transmitted infection 1 1 Other physical health problem 77 79 aEach participant may have more than one condition.
Psychiatric Diagnoses n % Cognitive impairment/disorder 41 42 Substance use disorder 16 16 Mood disorder 15 15 Psychotic disorder 14 14 Intellectual disability 4 4 Personality disorder 4 4 Paraphilia (Pedophilia) 2 2 Malingering 2 2 Somatoform disorder 1 1 Anxiety disorder 1 1 No psychiatric diagnosis 15 15 aParticipants may have more than one diagnosis.
Treatment Recommendation n % Community mental health service 31 32 Substance abuse program 9 9 Mental Health Services for Older People 5 5 Sex offender program 5 5 Inpatient psychiatric treatment 4 4 Dementia facility 3 3 Other recommendation 2 2 No recommendation 42 43 aIncludes multiple recommendations for individual cases.
Characteristic n % Timing of offending Current only 72 74 Historical only 12 12 Both current and historical 12 12 Unknown 1 1 Gender of victim Female 46 47 Male 17 18 Both genders 5 5 Unknown 4 4 No victim 25 26 Relationship to victim Acquaintances/friends 29 30 No relationship 17 18 Child/Stepchild 12 12 Other family members 11 11 Partners 10 10 Unknown 1 1 No victim 25 26 Location of offense Subject’s place of residence 53 55 Victim's place of residence 38 39 Public place 19 20 Private commercial space 16 16 Other residential 2 2 Unknown location 4 4 Substance use at time of offense Alcohol 26 27 Kava 1 1 Cannabis 1 1 Methamphetamine 1 1 Unknown 1 1 None 68 70 aIncludes multiple alleged offenses.
