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Article CommentaryAnalysis and Commentary

Addressing Systemic Bias in Violence Risk Assessment

Shoba Sreenivasan, Melinda DiCiro, James Rokop and Linda E. Weinberger
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online October 2022, JAAPL.220031-21; DOI: https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.220031-21
Shoba Sreenivasan
Dr. Sreenivasan is Forensic Services Division-SVP Evaluator, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California and Adjunct Clinical Professor at Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. Dr. DiCiro is Forensic Services Division Chief (Acting) at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Rokop is Forensic Services Division-Chief Psychologist, SVP at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Weinberger is Chief Psychologist, USC Institute of Psychiatry, Law, & Behavioral Sciences and Professor Emerita, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles California.
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Melinda DiCiro
Dr. Sreenivasan is Forensic Services Division-SVP Evaluator, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California and Adjunct Clinical Professor at Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. Dr. DiCiro is Forensic Services Division Chief (Acting) at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Rokop is Forensic Services Division-Chief Psychologist, SVP at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Weinberger is Chief Psychologist, USC Institute of Psychiatry, Law, & Behavioral Sciences and Professor Emerita, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles California.
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James Rokop
Dr. Sreenivasan is Forensic Services Division-SVP Evaluator, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California and Adjunct Clinical Professor at Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. Dr. DiCiro is Forensic Services Division Chief (Acting) at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Rokop is Forensic Services Division-Chief Psychologist, SVP at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Weinberger is Chief Psychologist, USC Institute of Psychiatry, Law, & Behavioral Sciences and Professor Emerita, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles California.
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Linda E. Weinberger
Dr. Sreenivasan is Forensic Services Division-SVP Evaluator, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California and Adjunct Clinical Professor at Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. Dr. DiCiro is Forensic Services Division Chief (Acting) at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Rokop is Forensic Services Division-Chief Psychologist, SVP at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Weinberger is Chief Psychologist, USC Institute of Psychiatry, Law, & Behavioral Sciences and Professor Emerita, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles California.
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    Table 1

    Bureau of Justice Data for Black and White Male Prisoners

    Prisoner GroupStudy year (s)Imprisonment per 100,000 residents by race
    Jail inmates201818592 per 100,000 Black residents
    187 per 100,000 White residents
    State or federal prisoners2018172,272 per 100,000 Black residents
    292 per 100,000 White residents
    2019161,096 per 100,000 Black residents
    214 per 100,000 White residents
    2008–2018172,196 to 1,501 per 100,000 Black residents
    316 to 268 per 100,00 White residents
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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 53 (1)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 53, Issue 1
1 Mar 2025
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Addressing Systemic Bias in Violence Risk Assessment
Shoba Sreenivasan, Melinda DiCiro, James Rokop, Linda E. Weinberger
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Oct 2022, JAAPL.220031-21; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.220031-21

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Addressing Systemic Bias in Violence Risk Assessment
Shoba Sreenivasan, Melinda DiCiro, James Rokop, Linda E. Weinberger
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Oct 2022, JAAPL.220031-21; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.220031-21
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Biasing Factors in Violence Risk Methods
    • Criminal Justice System Racial Disparities
    • Criminal History as a Proxy for Race
    • Substance Abuse, Peers, and Mental Illness
    • School-to-Prison Pipeline
    • Mitigating Racial and Cultural Biases
    • Conclusion
    • Footnotes
    • References
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Keywords

  • bias
  • criminal behavior
  • criminal-justice
  • racial disparity
  • risk-assessment
  • structural competence

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