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Research ArticleRegular Article

Effects of Online Distance Learning on Violence Risk Knowledge and Competencies

Sarah L. Kopelovich, Jonathan Olson, Katherine Michaelsen and Tobias Wasser
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online March 2023, JAAPL.230008-23; DOI: https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.230008-23
Sarah L. Kopelovich
Dr. Kopelovich is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, and core faculty of the UW SPIRIT Lab, Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, and the Northwest Mental Health Technology Transfer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Olson is a Research Scientist with the SMART Center, and Dr. Michaelsen is an Assistant Professor with the Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Wasser is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Deputy Medical Director for Community and Forensic Psychiatry at Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Jonathan Olson
Dr. Kopelovich is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, and core faculty of the UW SPIRIT Lab, Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, and the Northwest Mental Health Technology Transfer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Olson is a Research Scientist with the SMART Center, and Dr. Michaelsen is an Assistant Professor with the Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Wasser is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Deputy Medical Director for Community and Forensic Psychiatry at Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Katherine Michaelsen
Dr. Kopelovich is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, and core faculty of the UW SPIRIT Lab, Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, and the Northwest Mental Health Technology Transfer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Olson is a Research Scientist with the SMART Center, and Dr. Michaelsen is an Assistant Professor with the Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Wasser is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Deputy Medical Director for Community and Forensic Psychiatry at Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Tobias Wasser
Dr. Kopelovich is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, and core faculty of the UW SPIRIT Lab, Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, and the Northwest Mental Health Technology Transfer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Olson is a Research Scientist with the SMART Center, and Dr. Michaelsen is an Assistant Professor with the Center for Mental Health, Policy, and Law, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Wasser is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Deputy Medical Director for Community and Forensic Psychiatry at Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    Table 1

    Demographic Data of Violence Risk Assessment (VRA) Online Distance Learners

    DemographicPercent
    Gender
     Male15.8
     Female84.2
    Race/ethnicity
     White69.6
     Black/African American23.1
     Asian5.1
     American Indian/Alaska Native1.4
     Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander0.8
     Hispanic/Latino16.5
    Education
     Associate’s degree or less39.1
     Undergraduate degree39.4
     Graduate degree21.5
    Profession
     Student35.9
     Counselor19.6
     Social worker17.4
     Peer professional4.3
     Community health worker3.3
     Nurse2.6
     Educator2.4
     Doctoral-level clinician (MD/PhD)1.2
    Years of experience
     Less than 1 year54.3
     1 to 3 years20.1
     4 to 6 years8.8
     7 to 10 years5.9
     More than 10 years11.0
    # Previous VRA trainings
     057.4
     1 to 230.7
     3 or more11.8
    • View popup
    Table 2

    Mean Scores on Violence Risk Assessment Training Outcomes

    OutcomeMSD
    How you understand issues related to privacy, obligations to third parties, and violence risk assessment and management5.811.12
    What you do to address questions related to risk of harm to others5.781.11
    How you interact with clients who pose a potential risk of harm to others5.781.14
    The amount of time you spend on threat or risk assessment5.701.15
    How you document confidentiality5.791.17
    How you document executing (or not) duty to warn or duty to protect5.761.17
    How you document the product of a violence risk assessment5.771.16
    The amount of time you spend documenting your work5.711.17
    How you collaborate with your colleagues5.691.17
    How you collaborate with other organizations in the community5.701.18
    Total IOTTAa score5.771.07
    • aIOTTA: Impact of Training and Technical Assistance.

    • View popup
    Table 3

    Results from Ordinary Least Squares Regression Analysis

    Modelβtp
    Model 1: Quiz scores regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Intercept—21.36.000
      Paraprofessional vs. professional (dummy code)−.047−1.02.310
      Student vs. professional (dummy code).0621.18.239
      Years of experience.2264.67.000
    Model 2: Change scores regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Intercept—3.97.000
      Paraprofessional vs. professional (dummy code)−.002−.05.963
      Student vs. professional (dummy code).036.63.529
      Years of experience−.023−.44.662
    Model 3: Competence regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Interceptv25.14.000
      Paraprofessional vs. professional (dummy code)−.094−2.33.020
      Student vs. professional (dummy code)−.085−1.87.062
      Years of experience.2165.19.000
    Model 3: Practice outcomes regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Intercept—51.52.000
      Paraprofessional vs. professional (dummy code)−.034−.79.429
      Student vs. professional (dummy code).0581.20.232
      Years of experience.0471.05.294
    • View popup
    Table 4

    Results from Exploratory Ordinary Least Squares Regression Analysis

    Modelβtp
    Model 1: Quiz scores regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Intercept—16.86.000
      Perceived importance of training.0831.99.047
      Change from current practice−.203−4.79.000
      Training level.0932.19.029
      Number of trainings.0300.75.453
      Pretraining competence−.075−1.72.085
    Model 2: Change scores regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Intercept—3.26.001
      Perceived importance of training−.003−.06.953
      Change from current practice−.088−1.96.051
      Training level.0861.86.063
      Number of trainings−.045−1.08.282
      Pretraining competence−.050−1.09.279
    Model 3: Competence regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Intercept—4.59.000
      Perceived importance of training.27612.85.000
      Change from current practice.0331.52.129
      Training level.1406.33.000
      Number of trainings.0452.27.023
      Pretraining competence.55825.44.000
    Model 3: Practice outcomes regressed on predictors
     Fixed effects
      Intercept—32.68.000
      Perceived importance of training.34310.34.000
      Change from current practice.0481.45.149
      Training level.1775.20.000
      Number of trainings−.067−2.19.029
      Pretraining competence−.056−1.66.097
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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 51 (1)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 51, Issue 1
1 Mar 2023
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Effects of Online Distance Learning on Violence Risk Knowledge and Competencies
Sarah L. Kopelovich, Jonathan Olson, Katherine Michaelsen, Tobias Wasser
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Mar 2023, JAAPL.230008-23; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230008-23

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Effects of Online Distance Learning on Violence Risk Knowledge and Competencies
Sarah L. Kopelovich, Jonathan Olson, Katherine Michaelsen, Tobias Wasser
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Mar 2023, JAAPL.230008-23; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230008-23
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