Adverse Childhood Experiences and Arrest Rates among Individuals with Serious Mental Illnesses

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Sample, n = 539

	Overall sample (n = 539)		Study 1 (n = 240)		Study 2 (n = 299)
Characteristic	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	t	df	P
Age, years	42.8	12.0	35.9	11.6	48.4	9.1	14.15	537	<0.001
Educational attainment, years, n = 537	11.2	2.7	11.0	2.7	11.4	2.7	1.65	535	0.10
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) score	4.6	2.9	4.7	2.9	4.5	2.9	0.81	532	0.42
Arrest rate among the entire sample, n = 537	1.6	2.7	1.7	2.2	1.6	3.1	0.237	535	0.82
Arrest rate among those ever arrested, n = 415	2.1	2.9	2.3	2.3	2.0	3.3	1.29	413	0.20
	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ²	df	P
Ever arrested, n = 537	415	77.3	171	71.3	244	82.2	8.99	1	0.003
Gender, male	314	58.3	155	64.6	159	53.2	7.12	1	0.008
Ethnicity, non-Hispanic	519	96.3	228	95.0	291	97.3	2.01	1	0.16
Race, African American or Black^a	380	75.2	114	49.6	266	96.7	149.57	1	<0.001
Marital status, single and never married	323	59.9	148	61.7	175	58.5	8.20	4	0.09
Unemployed in the past month	480	89.2	208	87.0	272	91.0	2.14	1	0.14
Diagnostic category, n = 538
Mood disorder	265	49.3	85	35.4	180	60.4
Psychotic disorder	273	50.7	155	64.6	118	39.6	33.20	1	<0.001

↵^aOnly African American/Black and White participants are included in this comparison as there were too few in other categories.

Table 2

Race and Gender Differences in ACE Score, Ever Arrested, and Arrest Rate

Variable	M	SD	t	df	P
ACE score
Race			1.80	499	0.07
Black	4.5	2.9
White	5.0	2.8
Gender			3.98	532	<0.001
Male	4.2	2.8
Female	5.2	2.9
Arrest rate
Race			0.11	388	0.91
Black	2.1	3.1
White	2.2	2.1
Gender			1.26	413	0.21
Male	2.3	2.9
Female	1.9	2.9
	n	%	χ²	df	P
Ever arrested
Race			12.77	1	<0.001
Black	310	81.6
White	80	64.5
Gender			15.55	1	<0.001
Male	259	82.7
Female	156	69.6

Table 3

Binary Logistic Regression Results for Likelihood of Having Ever Been Arrested, n = 497

Variable	B	SE	Wald χ²	P	OR
Gender (male = 0, female = 1)	−0.78	.23	11.28	0.001	0.46
Race (African American or Black = 0, White = 1)	−0.99	.24	16.93	<0.001	0.37
Years of education completed	−0.10	.04	5.82	0.016	0.90
Diagnosis (mood disorder =0, psychotic disorder = 1)	−0.47	.23	4.21	0.040	0.62
Constant	3.81	.67	32.62	<.001	45.02