Predictors of Child and Parent Offender Removal in Incidents of Child Neglect in U.S. Army Families

Christin M. Ogle; Steven P. Nemcek; Jing Zhou; Stephen J. Cozza

doi:10.29158/JAAPL.240114-24

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Table 1

Demographic Characteristics of Maltreated Children and Their Families

Characteristics	M	SD
Child age (years)	4.56	3.97
	n	%
Child gender
Male	205	53.52
Female	178	46.48
Child race
Caucasian	210	55.56
African American	103	27.25
Other	65	17.20
Highest military rank in the family
E1 to E4	233	62.97
E5+	143	38.03
Number of children in the family
One	102	26.22
Two or more	287	73.78
Service parent marital status
Married	319	85.1
Unmarried (single, divorced, widowed, separated)	56	14.9

Percentages do not reflect missing data. N = 390. M = mean; SD = standard deviation.

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Table 2

Child and Parent Offender Removal from Home by Child Neglect Types

	Child Removed from Home			Parent Removed from Home			Total
Neglect Type	n	%	p-value^a	n	%	p-value^a	n	%
Failure to provide physical needs	27	21.09	<0.01	6	4.69	<0.01	128	32.82
Other neglect types	31	11.83	—	41	15.65	—	262	67.18
Lack of supervision	29	17.58	0.20	10	6.06	<0.01	165	42.30
Other neglect types	29	12.89	—	37	16.44	—	225	57.69
Emotional neglect	15	9.38	0.01	36	22.50	<0.001	160	41.03
Other neglect types	43	18.70	—	11	4.78	—	230	58.97
Moral-legal neglect	3	15.00	1	3	15.00	0.72	20	5.13
Other neglect types	55	14.86	—	44	11.89	—	370	94.87
Educational neglect	3	23.08	0.42	0	0.00	0.39	13	3.33
Other neglect types	55	14.59	—	47	12.47	—	377	96.70

a p-value is based on chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.

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Table 3

Bivariate Associations Between Incident Characteristics and Child and Parent Offender Removal from Home

Predictors	Child Removal OR (CI)	Parent Removal OR (CI)
Incident Characteristics
Failure to provide physical needs (vs. other neglect types)	1.99 (1.13, 3.51)^a	0.27 (0.11, 0.64)^b
Lack of supervision (vs. other neglect types)	1.44 (0.82, 2.52)	0.33 (0.16, 0.68)^b
Emotional neglect (vs. other neglect types)	0.45 (0.24, 0.84)^a	5.78 (2.84, 11.76)^c
Moral-legal neglect (vs. other neglect types)	1.01 (0.29, 3.56)	1.31 (0.37, 4.64)
High severity (vs. low)	1.18 (0.67, 2.06)	3.67 (1.80, 7.46)^c
Co-occurring physical and/or sexual abuse (yes vs. no)	2.59 (1.13, 5.95)^a	1.86 (0.72, 4.81)
Offender incident-related substance use (yes vs. no)	1.58 (0.85, 2.95)	2.25 (1.17, 4.31)^a
Child Victim Characteristics
Male child sex (versus female)	0.92 (0.53, 1.61)	0.90 (0.48, 1.67)
Child age	1.04 (0.97, 1.11)	1.01 (0.94, 1.09)
Child race
White versus Black	1.13 (0.59, 2.19)	0.52 (0.25, 1.08)
Other versus Black	0.60 (0.22, 1.63)	1.47 (0.65, 3.32)
Child victim previously known to FAP (yes vs. no)	1.07 (0.39, 2.89)	0.22 (0.03, 1.64)
Parent Offender Characteristics
Offender type
Sponsor versus sponsor and spouse	0.74 (0.33, 1.65)	2.61 (1.23, 5.54)^a
Sponsor versus spouse	0.50 (0.35, 1.29)	3.40 (1.61, 7.17)^b
Offender age at birth of child	0.92 (0.85, 0.99)^a	1.04 (0.98, 1.12)
Offender previously known to FAP (yes vs. no)	1.20 (0.53, 2.72)	0.46 (0.14, 1.56)
Family Characteristics
Highest family rank (E5+ versus E1-E4)	0.74 (0.40, 1.35)	1.24 (0.67, 2.31)
Multiple children in the home (versus one child)	1.85 (0.90, 3.81)	0.73 (0.38, 1.41)
Service parent married (vs. unmarried)	0.79 (0.34, 1.84)	0.86 (0.35, 2.14)
Family physical health problems (yes vs. no)	0.99 (0.55, 1.77)	0.99 (0.52, 1.86)
Family mental health problems (yes vs. no)	1.96 (1.04, 3.69)^a	0.85 (0.38, 1.89)

N = 390. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
^a p < 0.05
^b p < 0.01
c p < 0.001

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Table 4

Multivariate Associations Between Incident Characteristics and Child and Parent Offender Removal from Home

Incident Characteristics	Child Removal OR (CI)	Offender Removal OR (CI)
Failure to provide physical needs (vs. other neglect types)	1.66 (0.77, 3.56)	0.75 (0.27, 2.10)
Lack of supervision (vs. other neglect types)	1.16 (0.55, 2.42)	0.97 (0.34, 2.73)
Emotional neglect (vs. other neglect types)	0.41 (0.16, 1.05)	4.73 (1.49, 15.00)^b
Moral-legal neglect (vs. other neglect types)	0.73 (0.17, 3.06)	2.20 (0.46, 10.41)
High incident severity (versus low)	1.75 (0.90, 3.40)	1.81 (0.80, 4.09)
Co-occurring physical and/or sexual abuse (yes vs. no)	3.70 (1.40, 9.80)^a	1.07 (0.37, 3.08)
Offender incident-related substance use (yes vs. no)	2.11 (1.04, 4.25)	1.98 (0.93, 4.21)
Offender type
Sponsor versus sponsor and spouse	1.03 (0.42, 2.52)	2.58 (1.10, 6.04)^a
Sponsor versus spouse	0.56 (0.25, 1.26)	2.25 (0.99, 5.10)
Offender age at birth of child	0.88 (0.81, 0.95)^b	1.04 (0.96, 1.13)
Family mental health problems (yes vs. no)	1.69 (0.84, 3.38)	1.24 (0.50, 3.08)