Article Figures & Data
Tables
Variables No Current Legal Problems Current Legal Problems Statisticdf p N 245 148 — — Treatment condition, n (%) χ21 = 2.35 .13 Standard care 65 (26.5) 50 (33.8) Standard care + CM 180 (73.5) 98 (66.2) Study, n (%) χ22 = 7.30 .03 Petry et al.18 63 (25.7) 57 (38.5) Petry et al.19 93 (38.0) 49 (33.1) Petry et al.22 89 (36.3) 42 (28.4) Age 36.6 (7.6) 35.3 (8.8) t275 = 1.49 .14 Earned Income $10,137 ($16,017) $8,811 ($23,748) t391 = 0.86 .39 Years of education 11.6 (1.7) 11.6 (1.8) t391 = 0.30 .78 Male gender, n (%) 114 (46.5) 83 (56.1) χ21 = 3.37 .07 Race, n (%) χ22 = 3.58 .17 African American 136 (56.9) 70 (47.6) Caucasian 76 (31.8) 60 (40.8) Other 27 (11.3) 17 (11.6) Marital Status, n (%) χ22 = 3.17 .21 Never married 131 (53.5) 79 (53.4) Married 37 (15.1) 14 (9.5) Other 77 (31.4) 55 (37.2) Employment status, n (%) χ23 = 5.46 .14 Full-time 120 (49.0) 59 (39.9) Part-time 50 (20.4) 33 (22.3) Unemployed 55 (22.4) 47 (31.8) Not in labor force 20 (8.2) 9 (6.1) Cocaine dependence diagnosis, n (%) 209 (85.3) 127 (85.8) χ22 = 0.02 .89 Alcohol dependence diagnosis, n (%) 125 (51.0) 83 (56.1) χ21 = 0.95 .33 Opioid dependence diagnosis, n (%) 49 (20.0) 28 (18.9) χ21 = 0.07 .79 Sample negative for alcohol, cocaine and opioids at baseline, n (%) 196 (80.3) 123 (83.1) χ21 = 0.47 .49 Addiction severity index scores Alcohol 0.21 (.22) 0.25 (.22) t391 = −1.58 .12 Drug 0.16 (.09) 0.16 (.09) t391 = −0.07 .94 Medical 0.21 (.32) 0.25 (.35) t391 = −0.33 .75 Employment 0.73 (.30) 0.74 (.28) t391 = −0.43 .67 Legal 0.00 (.00) 0.35 (.19) t147 = −21.95 <.001 Family/social 0.18 (.23) 0.20 (.22) t391 = −0.72 .47 Psychiatric 0.28 (.23) 0.28 (.24) t391 = −0.01 .99 -
Values are means (standard deviations) unless otherwise indicated. CM, contingency management.
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Variables No Current Legal Problems Current Legal Problems Statisticdf p n 245 148 Days of illegal activity in past month 0.0 (0.0) 1.4 (3.9) t391 = 5.53 <.001 Awaiting charges or sentencing, n (%) 0 (0.0) 81 (54.7) χ21 = 168.90 <.001 Current severity of perceived problems* 0.0 (0.0) 2.2 (1.4) t391 = 24.77 <.001 Current desire for legal referral* 0.0 (0.0) 2.0 (1.7) t391 = 18.44 <.001 Arrests in lifetime 6.7 (11.6) 10.7 (15.6) t391 = 2.87 <.01 Convictions in lifetime 3.1 (6.3) 4.3 (7.2) t391 = 1.72 <.09 Arrests with charges Drug charges, n (%) 86 (35.1) 80 (54.1) χ21 = 13.58 <.001 Shoplifting, n (%) 45 (18.4) 45 (30.4) χ21 = 7.57 <.01 Burglary, n (%) 53 (21.6) 51 (34.5) χ21 = 7.80 <.01 Assault, n (%) 58 (23.7) 58 (39.2) χ21 = 10.68 <.001 Disorderly conduct, n (%) 54 (22.0) 48 (32.4) χ21 = 5.18 <.05 Major driving violations, n (%) 47 (19.2) 43 (29.1) χ21 = 5.09 <.05 Ever incarcerated, n (%) 103 (42.0) 98 (66.2) χ21 = 21.58 <.001 -
* Item rated on a 0–4 scale. Values are the mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise noted.
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No Current Legal Problems Current Legal Problems Standard Care (n = 65) CM (n = 180) Standard Care (n = 50) CM (n = 98) Primary treatment outcomes Retention in treatment, wk 5.3 (3.5) 7.9 (4.0) 5.9 (3.7) 6.5 (3.7) Longest duration of abstinence, wk 3.4 (2.6) 6.2 (4.5) 3.6 (3.4) 4.9 (4.1) Proportion of negative samples 0.83 (0.31) 0.85 (0.26) 0.84 (0.31) 0.84 (0.29) Nine-month follow-up Negative samples, % (available data) 71.2 (n = 31 of 43) 70.4 (n = 88 of 125) 82.8 (n = 24 of 29) 72.3 (n = 34 of 47) Negative samples, % (missing coded positive) 47.7 (n = 31 of 65) 48.9 (n = 88 of 180) 48.0 (n = 24 of 50) 34.7 (n = 34 of 98) -
Data are the unadjusted mean (standard deviation). CM, contingency management + standard care.
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