Article Figures & Data
Tables
Variable n % Branch of service Air Force 413 10.85 Army 1,866 49.03 Marines 442 11.61 Missing/unknown 188 4.94 Navy 859 22.57 Other 38 1.00 Service discharge Dishonorable 88 2.31 Honorable 2,937 77.17 Missing/unknown 313 8.22 Other 468 12.30 VA benefits No 3,233 84.94 Yes 573 15.06 Deaths, total 89 Total deaths by self/others 38 Overdose 21 Motor vehicle 6 Homicide 6 Suicide 5 Total medical deaths 41 Cardiovascular 16 Cancer 13 Liver-related 7 Diabetes 3 Other medical (HIV or COPD) 2 Other 10 Variable n % Mean ± SD p Age, y <.001 Nonveteran 26,431 33.03 ± 9.53 Veteran 3806 40.51 ± 9.29 Time in prison, y <.001 Nonveteran 26,431 1.66 ± 2.84 Veteran 3806 2.11 ± 3.24 Time since release, mo 0.011 Nonveteran 26,431 20.04 ± 15.52 Veteran 3806 20.72 ± 15.47 Sex <.001 Female, nonveteran 3,913 14.8 Female, veteran 54 1.4 Male, nonveteran 22,518 85.2 Male, veteran 3,752 98.6 Cause of Death Total Deaths (n) Veteran Deaths (n) Veteran* Death Rate† Nonveteran Deaths (n) Nonveteran‡ Death Rate† Raw p Adjusted p All causes 443 89 1,195 354 714 <.001 <.001 Self/others 232 38 510 194 391 0.166 0.994 Overdose 103 21 282 82 165 0.049 0.424 Suicide 40 5 67 35 71 1.000 1.000 Homicide 54 6 81 48 97 0.863 1.000 Motor vehicle 35 6 81 29 58 0.606 1.000 Medical 136 41 551 95 192 <.001 <.001 HIV 7 1 13 6 12 1.000 1.000 Cardiovascular 56 16 215 40 81 0.003 0.033 Liver 23 7 94 16 32 0.047 0.424 Diabetes 6 3 40 3 6 0.065 0.458 Cancer 39 13 175 26 52 0.002 0.021 COPD 5 1 13 4 8 1.000 1.000 Cause of Death Hazard Ratio 95% CI Lower Upper All causes 1.08 0.85 1.38 Self/others 1.12 0.78 1.62 Suicide 0.89 0.34 2.37 Overdose 1.36 0.81 2.26 Homicide 0.77 0.32 1.86 Medical 1.34 0.91 1.98 Cardiovascular 1.22 0.66 2.24 Cancer 1.39 0.68 2.81 Rates adjusted for sex, race, age, and length of incarceration.
