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Tables
- Table 1
Demographics and Clinical Variables of Young Adults With Antisocial Personality Disorder
Variable Antisocial Personality Disorder (n = 17) Controls (n = 229) p d Age, years 23.8 (3.9) 23.6 (3.1) 0.763 Gender, male, n (%) 10 (58.8) 141 (61.6) 0.823c Education scorea 2.7 (0.8) 2.9 (0.8) 0.087 Unemployed? yes, n (%) 6 (35.3) 28 (12.2) 0.008c 0.170 Married? yes, n (%) 1 (5.9) 9 (4.9) 0.694c Previous illegal acts, yes, n (%) 16 (94.1) 12 (5.2) <0.001c 0.710 SCI-PG score 3.2 (3.1) 1.4 (1.9) <0.001 0.70 Current alcohol use, drinks per week 1.1 (0.9) 1.6 (1.6) 0.219 Current nicotine use, packs per day 0.43 (0.59) 0.17 (0.31) 0.002 0.55 Any current psychiatric comorbidity (besides substance use disorder), n (%)b 5 (29.4) 36 (15.7) 0.144c All data are expressed as the mean (SD) except where indicated. d = Cohen's d effect size, except for chi-square when phi is used to denote effect size. Statistical significance was determined by independent-samples t tests except where indicated ‘c’ (chi-square). Significance was set at p < 0.05.
↵a 1, below high-school; 2, high-school graduate; some college; 4, college graduate; and 5, higher than college level education.
↵b The number of participants with the given Axis I disorders in the ASPD group were: n = 2, major depressive disorder; n = 3, agoraphobia; n = 1, social phobia; n = 2, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); n = 1, psychosis; n = 1, bulimia; n = 1, general anxiety disorder and for controls; n = 9, major depressive disorder; n = 2, hypomanic episode; n = 4, panic disorder; n = 8, agoraphobia; n = 11, social phobia; n = 6, obsessive-compulsive disorder; n = 1, PTSD; n = 6, bulimia; n = 12, general anxiety disorder.
Task Antisocial Personality Disorder (n = 17) Controls (n = 229) p d BIS Attention impulsiveness 17.6 (5.3) 16.4 (4.2) 0.265 Motor impulsiveness 25.8 (7.3) 23.5 (4.9) 0.081 Nonplanning impulsiveness 24.4 (7.0) 24.4 (6.0) 0.958 EIQ Impulsivity 13.4 (5.7) 9.8 (5.8) 0.015 0.63 Venturesomeness 18.9 (7.5) 13.9 (7.0) 0.005 0.69 Empathy 18.3 (9.3) 14.8 (7.2) 0.057 IDED total errors (adjusted) 30.4 (21.5) 26.1 (26.0) 0.516 SST SSRT 216.6 (82.0) 182.2 (61.9) 0.032 0.47 SST median correct RT on GO trials 529.0 (255.1) 475.8 (152.1) 0.190 CGT Risk adjustment 0.73 (0.86) 1.40 (1.21) 0.025 0.64 CGT overall proportion bet 0.580 (0.162) 0.547 (0.138) 0.352 CGT quality of decision making 0.931 (0.068) 0.934 (0.102) 0.878 SWM strategy 33.2 (5.1) 30.7 (6.2) 0.105 SWM total errors 27.5 (20.9) 20.2 (18.7) 0.129 OTS Problems solved on first choice 15.9 (4.5) 17.4 (3.9) 0.128 All data are expressed as the mean (SD). Significance was set at p < 0.05. BIS, Barratt Impulsivity Scale; EIQ, Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire; IDED, Intradimensional/Extradimensional Set-Shift Task; SST, Stop-Signal Task; CGT, Cambridge Gamble Task; SWM, Spatial Working Memory Task; OTS, One-Touch Stockings of Cambridge Task; d, Cohen's d effect size.
