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Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation for Military Absenteeism in Taiwan

Nian-Sheng Tzeng, Chih-Kang Chen, Tzong-Shi Wang, Hsin-An Chang, Yu-Chen Kao, Hui-Wen Yeh, Wei-Shan Chiang and San-Yuan Huang
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online September 2016, 44 (3) 352-358;
Nian-Sheng Tzeng
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
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Chih-Kang Chen
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
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Tzong-Shi Wang
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
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Hsin-An Chang
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
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Yu-Chen Kao
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
MD, MSc
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Hui-Wen Yeh
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
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Wei-Shan Chiang
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
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San-Yuan Huang
Dr. Tzeng is Attending Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor and the Director of Program for Forensic Psychiatry Training, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Director of Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chen is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Wang is Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Chang is Attending Psychiatrist and Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Kao is the Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch Taipei, Taiwan. Ms Yeh is a lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning College of Healthcare and Management, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan, and a PhD student, Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Ciao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. Ms. Chiang is a Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Dr. Huang is Attending Psychiatrist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Ministry of Defense, Taiwan.
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    Table 1

    Comparison of Previous Research on Military AWOL in Different Military Samples: Experiences From Western Wars

    StudyStudy PopulationFindingCases, n
    Heine (1945)32U.S. Army soldiersThose with mental illness go AWOL more and have more rigid habit systems, emotional immaturity, and inability to handle problems in a less direct manner.N = 133
    Guttmacher and Stewart (1945)33U.S. Army soldiersOverall social maladjustment on the part of the AWOL group with respect to their intelligence, job stability, education, emotional stability, and personal habits.N =133 (in AWOL group, with a matched control group)
    Bromberg et al. (1945)34U.S. Navy recruitsEmotional disturbances and negative attitudes toward the Navy, military service, or the war itself.N =248 ( 23.3% in 1,063 Naval offenders)
    Davis et al. (1945)35U.S. Army Air Force recruitsMental disorder (usually constitutional psychopathy) and mental deficiency were the main factors in 63%; military maladjustment in 37%.N =100 (AWOL prisoners)
    Feldman and Maleski (1948)36U.S. Army newly recruited traineesMaladjustment was reflected in the behavior of the AWOLs both prior to and after their entrance into military service; hostility, more egocentric behaviors, less responsibility in their social relationships, various somatic complaints and functional disturbances.N =185
    Clark (1948)11U.S. Army soldiers24 items of MMPI were selected to form a tentative “recidivist” scaleN =100, AWOL (55 attempted repeated AWOLs)
    Clark (1953)12U.S. Army soldiers (in basic training)One abbreviated scale differentiated recidivists from non-recidivistsN =104 (74 attempted two or more times)
    Zuring (1954)1Dutch Army soldiers in Indonesian colonial wars65% were found to be neurotic, 35% psychopathic, 43.5% of inferior intelligence and 29.2 % normal, according to an assessment by the colonial Army Division BoardN not mentioned in the article
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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 44 (3)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 44, Issue 3
1 Sep 2016
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Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation for Military Absenteeism in Taiwan
Nian-Sheng Tzeng, Chih-Kang Chen, Tzong-Shi Wang, Hsin-An Chang, Yu-Chen Kao, Hui-Wen Yeh, Wei-Shan Chiang, San-Yuan Huang
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Sep 2016, 44 (3) 352-358;

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Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation for Military Absenteeism in Taiwan
Nian-Sheng Tzeng, Chih-Kang Chen, Tzong-Shi Wang, Hsin-An Chang, Yu-Chen Kao, Hui-Wen Yeh, Wei-Shan Chiang, San-Yuan Huang
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Sep 2016, 44 (3) 352-358;
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