Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Legal Characteristics by Outcome of Competency Restoration
Characteristic CST PIST p Age, median (IQR) 36.2 (19.3) 37.8 (28.3) .042 Time to decision, median (IQR) 135.0 (92.0) 182.0 (155.0) < .001 Length of stay, median (IQR) 165.5 (103.0) 465.0 (280.0) < .001 Male 197 (80.7) 54 (85.7) .362 Race .080 Non-Hispanic white 144 (59.0) 33 (53.2) Non-Hispanic black 88 (36.1) 29 (46.0) Main psychiatric discharge diagnosis .108 Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders 169 (69.8) 42 (66.7) Bipolar and related disorders 26 (10.7) 3 (4.8) Depressive disorders 7 (2.9) 1 (1.6) Neurocognitive disorders 5 (2.1) 7 (11.1) Neurodevelopmental disorders 8 (3.3) 6 (9.5) Anxiety disorders 4 (1.7) 1 (1.6) Trauma- and stressor-related disorders 4 (1.7) 0 (0.0) Substance-related and addictive disorders 2 (0.8) 0 (0.0) Personality disorders 2 (0.8) 0 (0.0) Malingering 2 (0.8) 0 (0.0) Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) None 12 (5.0) 3 (4.8) Type of charge .670 Felony 152 (62.3) 42 (67.7) Misdemeanor 37 (15.2) 7 (11.3) Both 55 (22.5) 13 (21.0) Prior psychiatric treatment 218 (89.3) 47 (74.6) .004 n = 244 deemed competent to stand trial; n = 63 deemed permanently incompetent to stand trial. Data are shown as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
CST, competent to stand trial; PIST, permanently incompetent to stand trial; IQR, interquartile range.
CST PIST p Antipsychotic use through stay Formulation .027 Oral 146 (59.8) 31 (49.2) LAI ± oral 74 (30.3) 18 (28.6) Class < .001 Typical 23 (9.4) 4 (6.4) Atypical 117 (48.0) 11 (17.5) Both 80 (32.8) 34 (54.0) Formulation × Class < .001 Typical oral 11 (4.5) 3 (4.8) Atypical oral 95 (38.9) 9 (14.3) Typical and atypical oral 40 (16.4) 19 (30.2) Typical LAI ± oral 12 (4.9) 1 (1.6) Atypical LAI ± oral 22 (9.0) 2 (3.2) Typical and atypical LAI ± oral 40 (16.4) 15 (23.8) Number of antipsychotics through stay < .001 One 79 (32.4) 6 (9.5) Two or more 141 (57.8) 43 (68.3) Psychiatric medications upon discharge Antipsychotics 188 (77.1) 45 (71.4) .352 Mood stabilizers 47 (19.3) 26 (41.3) < .001 Antidepressants 69 (28.3) 15 (23.8) .529 n = 244 deemed competent to stand trial; n = 63 deemed permanently incompetent to stand trial. Data are shown as n (%).
CST, competent to stand trial; PIST, permanently incompetent to stand trial; LAI, long-acting injectable.
- Table 3
Sociodemographic, Clinical and Legal Characteristics of the Psychosis Sample by Outcome of Competency restoration
Characteristic CST PIST p Age, median (IQR) 36.09 (14.7) 36.96 (24.6) .208 Time to decision, median (IQR) 142.00 (88.0) 203.00 (186.3) < .001 Length of stay, median (IQR) 171.00 (108.0) 484.00 (279.3) < .001 Male 136 (81.4) 35 (83.3) .776 Race .522 Non-Hispanic white 89 (53.3) 23 (54.8) Non-Hispanic black 70 (41.9) 19 (45.2) Type of charge .537 Felony 99 (59.3) 28 (66.7) Misdemeanor 30 (18.0) 5 (11.9) Both 38 (22.8) 8 (19.1) Prior psychiatric treatment 151 (90.4) 40 (95.2) .538 n = 167 deemed competent to stand trial; n = 42 deemed permanently incompetent to stand trial. Data are shown as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
CST, competent to stand trial; PIST, permanently incompetent to stand trial; IQR, interquartile range.
CST PIST p Antipsychotic use through stay Formulation .689 Oral 105 (62.9) 25 (59.5) LAI ± oral 62 (37.1) 17 (40.5) Class < .001 Typical 16 (9.6) 1 (2.4) Atypical 88 (52.7) 11 (26.2) Both 63 (37.7) 30 (71.4) Formulation × Class .007 Typical oral 7 (4.2) 0 (0.0) Atypical oral 68 (40.7) 9 (21.4) Typical and atypical oral 30 (18.0) 16 (38.1) Typical LAI ± oral 9 (5.4) 1 (2.4) Atypical LAI ± oral 20 (12.0) 2 (4.8) Typical and atypical LAI ± oral 33 (19.8) 14 (33.3) Number of antipsychotics through stay .004 One 52 (31.1) 3 (7.1) Two or more 115 (68.9) 39 (92.9) Psychiatric medications upon discharge Antipsychotics 150 (89.8) 40 (95.2) .376 Mood stabilizers 30 (19.2) 19 (45.2) < .001 Antidepressants 49 (29.3) 11 (26.2) .687 n = 167 deemed competent to stand trial; n = 42 deemed permanently incompetent to stand trial. Data are shown as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
CST, competent to stand trial; PIST, permanently incompetent to stand trial; LAI, long-acting injectable.
Unadjusted Model Adjusted Model 1* Adjusted Model 2† Formulation Oral‡ – – – LAI ± oral 0.84 (0.42–1.69) 0.81 (0.40–1.64) 1.39 (0.58–3.34) Class Typical‡ – – – Atypical 0.51 (0.06–4.24) 0.52 (0.06–4.36) 2.05 (0.15–28.14) Both 0.13 (0.02–1.06) 0.11 (0.01–0.91) 1.26 (0.08–20.66) Formulation × Class Atypical oral‡ – – – Atypical LAI ± oral 1.23 (0.24–6.19) 1.25 (0.24–6.47) 1.30 (0.16–10.51) Typical and atypical oral‡ – – – Typical and atypical LAI ± oral 1.31 (0.54–3.14) 1.25 (0.51–3.11) 1.60 (0.56–4.57) Data are presented as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals).
↵* Adjusted for age at admission, sex, and race/ethnicity.
↵† Adjusted for age at admission, sex, race/ethnicity, time to decision, number of antipsychotics used through stay, and use of mood stabilizers upon discharge.
↵‡ Reference characteristic.
CST, competent to stand trial; LAI, long-acting injectable.
