Article Figures & Data
Tables
Diagnosis/Symptom Category Participants Psychotic spectrum disorder 109 (59.9) Intellectual, cognitive, or developmental disorder 105 (58) Mood disorder 83 (45.6) Impulse control disorder 41 (22.7) Antisocial personality disorder Traits 14 (7.7) Diagnosis 38 (20.9) Posttraumatic stress disorder 24 (13.2) Borderline personality disorder Traits 11 (6.2) Diagnosis 20 (11.2) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder 18 (9.9) Anxiety disorder 16 (8.8) Paraphilic disorder 12 (6.6) Other personality disorder 35 (19.2) Data are presented as n (%). N = 182 participants.
Predictor History of Suicide Attempts History of Self-Harm Any History of Suicidality or Self-Harm First Episode Hospitalization Due to Suicidality ACE score 0.147 0.371c 0.261c 0.057 ACE score 4+ 0.111 0.336c 0.250b 0.100 Emotional/verbal abuse 0.090 0.267c 0.146 −0.097 Physical abuse 0.192a 0.343c 0.265c 0.082 Sexual abuse 0.074 0.226b 0.176a 0.166a Intrafamilial sexual abuse 0.074 0.189a 0.199b 0.152a Extrafamilial sexual abuse 0.015 0.080 0.016 0.105 Neglect 0.184a 0.202b 0.219b 0.097 Parent/caregiver drug or alcohol abuse −0.021 0.276c 0.155a −0.055 Parent/caregiver divorce or separation 0.003 0.141 0.067 −0.041 Domestic or intimate partner violence in home of origin 0.102 0.194a 0.148a 0.086 Parent / caregiver with mental illness 0.018 0.168a 0.102 0.036 Parent / caregiver incarceration 0.132 0.162a 0.126 0.106 Gender −0.119 −0.342c −0.238b −0.089 Race 0.167a 0.270c 0.278c 0.015 Participants with any children −0.154a −0.239b −0.202b −0.046 Number of biological children −0.124 −0.251b −0.194a −0.058 Mood disorder diagnosis in parent/caregiver −0.020 0.136 0.090 −0.004 Psychotic disorder diagnosis in parent/caregiver −0.070 −0.137 −0.129 −0.041 Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in parent/caregiver −0.040 0.083 0.039 0.098 Parent/caregiver suicide attempt 0.020 0.084 0.031 −0.026 Parent/caregiver psychiatric hospitalization −0.051 0.127 0.051 −0.063 Out-of-home placement prior to age 18 0.074 0.222b 0.200b 0.052 Age at first out-of-home placement 0.004 0.167a 0.161a 0.051 Age at first foster care/group home placement −0.309 −0.157 −0.117 −0.162 Number of out-of-home placements prior to age 18 0.075 0.031 0.040 0.111 Any arrest history 0.086 −0.222b −0.052 0.001 Number of arrests 0.121 −0.181a 0.027 −0.044 Any violent arrests 0.117 −0.074 0.035 −0.046 Any sexual arrests −0.028 −0.032 −0.043 0.101 History of alcohol abuse 0.062 −0.113 −0.003 −0.005 History of illicit drug abuse 0.083 −0.027 0.033 0.002 Anxiety disorder 0.041 0.078 0.064 0.185a Posttraumatic stress disorder 0.285c 0.285c 0.181a 0.133 Mood disorder 0.093 0.112 0.133 0.116 Psychotic disorder −0.120 −0.296c −0.242b −0.137 Intellectual, cognitive, or developmental disorder −0.052 0.096 −0.001 −0.062 Antisocial personality disorder 0.047 0.001 0.030 −0.061 Borderline personality disorder 0.173a 0.406c 0.266c 0.185a ACE Survey Score 0 37 (20.6) 1 36 (20) 2 32 (17.8) 3 17 (9.4) 4 13 (7.2) 5 16 (8.9) 6 14 (7.8) 7 13 (7.2) 8 2 (1.1) ACE Survey Items Emotional/verbal abuse 44 (24.7) Physical abuse 65 (36.7) Sexual abuse 60 (33.9) Intrafamilial sexual abuse 40 (22.6) Extrafamilial sexual abuse 30 (16.9) Neglect 32 (18) Parent/caregiver drug or alcohol abuse 59 (34.9) Parent/caregiver divorce or separation 65 (36.7) Parents never married or cohabitating 25 (14.1) Domestic or intimate partner violence in home of origin 35 (19.9) Parent/caregiver with mental illness 55 (30.2) Parent/caregiver incarceration 10 (5.6) Data are presented as n (%). N = 182 participants.
Predictor Variable Data Gender Male 147 (80.8) Female 35 (19.2) Race White 101 (55.5) Non-White 84 (44.5) Number with any children 48 (28.2) Number of biological childrena 2.3 ± 1.64 (1–9) Mood disorder diagnosis in parent/caregiver 38 (20.9) Psychotic disorder diagnosis in parent/caregiver 10 (5.5) Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in parent/caregiver 11 (6) Parent/caregiver suicide attempt 4 (2.2) Parent/caregiver psychiatric hospitalization 21 (13.3) Out-of-home placement prior to age 18 42 (23.9) Age at first out-of-home placementa 7.6 ± 5.54 (1–16) Age at first foster care / group home placementa 7.8 ± 5.32 (1–16) Number of out-of-home placements prior to age 18a 2 ± 1 (1–4) Any arrest history 145 (79.7) Number of arrestsa 4.3 ± 7.74 (1–69) Any violent arrests 82 (52.6) Any sexual arrests 30 (18) History of alcohol abuse 107 (61.5) History of illicit drug abuse 108 (59.3) Data are presented as n (%) or as mean ± standard deviation (range). N = 182 participants.
↵a Estimates exclude participants for whom these predictors were not applicable.
Model Predictors Β SE β Wald χ2 P Odds Ratio (95% CI) Outcome: History of suicide attempts Race 0.592 0.336 3.105 .078 1.808 (0.936–3.495) Posttraumatic stress disorder 1.735 0.597 10.425 .001 5.667 (1.977–16.241) Outcome: History of self-harm behavior Parent/caregiver drug or alcohol abuse 1.903 0.538 12.525 .000 6.706 (2.338–19.240) Race 0.937 0.483 4.053 .044 2.646 (1.026–6.823) Number of biological children –0.461 0.266 2.993 .084 0.631 (0.374–1.063) Borderline personality disorder 1.897 0.648 8.582 .003 6.668 (1.874–23.728) Outcome: History of either suicide attempts or self-harm Parent/caregiver drug or alcohol abuse 0.880 0.441 3.982 .046 2.412 (1.016–5.725) Race 1.071 0.397 7.282 .007 2.919 (1.341–6.354) Number of biological children –0.286 0.141 4.120 .042 0.751 (0.569–0.990) Borderline personality disorder 1.955 0.912 4.597 .032 7.067 (1.183–42.220) Outcome: First psychiatric hospitalization resulting from suicidality Any sexual abuse 2.062 1.142 3.261 .071 7.864 (0.839–73.731) Anxiety disorder 1.843 0.987 3.488 .062 6.318 (0.913–43.725) N = 182 participants.
